Repro - MAle

Question 1

Why are the testis outside?

Answer 1

So they’ll remain cool, they’re supposed to be roughly 2*C colder than the body temperature

Question 2

How is the inguinal canal created?

Answer 2

By migration of the testis out the body

Question 3

What layers make up the inguinal canal?

Answer 3

Ext Oblique
Int Oblique
Transversus Abdominus
Fascia Transversalis
Peritoneum

Go over the inguinal canal from GI

Question 4

What is contained within in the spermatic cord?

Answer 4

Vas Deferens
Blood Vessels e.g. Testicular Art
Nerves e.g. Genital branch of genitofemoral nerve

Question 5

Describe the layers of the testis

Answer 5

Tough outer fibrous later called Tunica Albuginea

Peritoneal Sac called Tunica Vaginalis (both visceral and parietal) containing serous fluid

Question 6

What are hydrocele and haematocele

Answer 6

Fluid of blood (respectively) collecting in the scrotal sac

Question 7

What arteries supply the testis and where do they originate?

Answer 7

Testicular Arteries, they originate at L2 from the abdominal aorta

Question 8

Where do the testicular arteries travel?

Answer 8

Retroperitoneally
They cross the ureter and Ext Iliac Art near the pelvic brim
Then they travel through the inguinal canal

Question 9

What do we call the anastomosing veins around the testis?

Answer 9

The pampiniform plexus

Question 10

Whats the function of the pampiniform plexus?

Answer 10

It cools the blood arriving in the testicular arteries

Question 11

Where do the testicular veins drain?

Answer 11

Right drains into IVC

Left drains into the Left Renal Vein

Question 12

Define a varicocele?

Answer 12

Enlargement of veins in the scrotum

Question 13

Where does the testis lymph drain to/

Answer 13

Paraaortic & Inguinal

Question 14

What is the vas deferens and where does it go?

Answer 14

A muscular tube arising from the tail of the epididymis
Traverses inguinal canal
Enters pelvis by crossing external iliac vessels
Joins duct of seminal gland to form Ejaculatory Duct

Question 15

Where are the seminal vesicles found>

Answer 15

Posterior to the bladder, above the prostate

Question 16

What is produced by the seminal vesicles?

Answer 16

Semen

Question 17

What is produced by the prostate?

Answer 17

Thin fluid full of:

• Proteolytic enzymes
• Citric Acid
• Lipids
• Acid Phosphatase

Question 18

Where does blood drain from the prostatic venous plexus and why is that important?

Answer 18

Internal iliac vein, source of bony mets from prostatic cancer

Question 19

Where are the bulbourethral glands found?

Answer 19

In the urogenital diaphragm just under the prostate, they empty into the penile or spongy urethra

Question 20

What do the bulbourethral glands secrete?

Answer 20

Mucous for lubrication

Question 21

Where does lymph from the prostate drain?

Answer 21

Internal iliac and sacral nodes

Question 22

Where does lymph form the seminal vesicles drain?

Answer 22

Ext & Int Iliac Nodes

Question 23

Where does lymph from the penis drain?

Answer 23

Deep Inguinal Nodes

Question 24

Where does lymph from the scrotum drain?

Answer 24

Superficial Inguinal Nodes

Question 25

A good way to remember the lymphatic drainage of the male genital tract is the more the internal the structure the deeper the nodes:

Answer 25

Prostate - Int Ilaic & Sacral
Seminal Vesicle - Ext/Int Iliac Nodes
Penis - Deep Inguinal
Scrotum - Supericial Inguinal

Question 26

Histology Warning! - What is this?

A stellate lumen with 3 muscular layers (Longitudinal -> Circular -> Longitudinal)
Epithelial lining of the lumen
Longitudinal folds of lamina propria outside the main structure

Answer 26

Ductus Deferens

Focus on seeing the stellate lumena nd 3 muscular layers
If your unsure look for the longitudinal lamina propria

Question 27

Histology - whats this?

Very thick muscularis externa surrounding a very irregular “honey Combed” looking lumen

Answer 27

Seminal Vesicle

The honey-combed appearance resembles a network of canals

Question 28

How do you tell the epididymis on histology?

Answer 28

Large circles with a thick coloured centre, then white space then the outer epithelium
Look for 1 single smooth muscle later between the “circles”

Question 29

How do you spot testis on histology?

Answer 29

Large circles with a lot of nuclei around the outside and a completely clear lumen (as opposed to the dense dark space in the center of the epididymis)

Question 30

What does the prostate look like on histology?

Answer 30

Serous alveoli with infoldings of epithelium surrounded by trabeculae of muscular stroma

Look for amorphous eosinophilic masses called corpora amylacea in the alveoli (only in older men)