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Flashcards in Repro Deck (28)
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1
Q

what are examples of mesodermal defects?

A
VACTERL
Vertebral defects
Anal atresia
Cardiac defects
Tracheo-Esophageal fistula
Renal defects
Limb defects (bone and muscles)
2
Q

genes involved in ant-post axis patterning?

A

sonic hedgehog (holoprosenphaly)

3
Q

produced at apical ectodermal ridge, necessary for dorsal-ventral axis patterning?

A

Wnt 7

4
Q

which gene stimulates mitosis and provides “lengthening of limbs?”

A

FGF

5
Q

gene involved in segmental organization of embryo in craniocaudal direction

A

homeobox (Hox)

6
Q

what can homeobox (hox) gene mutation lead to?

A

appendages in wrong locations

7
Q

when does a fetus has cardiac activity visible by transvaginal ultrasound?

A

week 6

8
Q

when does a fetus have genitalia male/female characteristics?

A

week 10

9
Q

where does the gastrulation start?

A

with the epiblast invaginating to form the primitive streak

10
Q

what is the benign Rathke pouch tumor with cholesterol crystals, calcification?

A

Craniopharyngioma

11
Q

what gene is associated with both ovary and breast cancer?

A

BRCA1

12
Q

the most common benign ovarian neoplasm?

A

serous cystadenoma (often bilateral)

13
Q

what is the benign tumor that has multiloculated, large, and lined by mucus-secreting epithelium?

A

mucinous cystadenoma

14
Q

what is the benign tumr that has endometriosis (ectopic endometrial tissue) within ovary with cyst formation?

A

endometrioma

15
Q

what are the symptoms of endometrioma?

A

pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia (pain during sex), varying symptoms with menstrual cycle

16
Q

what is another name for dermoid cyst?

A

mature cystic teratoma

17
Q

what is a benign tumor associated with functional thyroid tissue and hyperthyroidism (struma ovarii)?

A

mature cystic teratoma = dermoid cyst

18
Q

tumor associated with solid tumor with pale yellow tan that is encapsulated with Coffee bean nuclei

A

Brenner tumor

19
Q

benign tumor associated with spindle shaped fibroblast?

A

fibromas

20
Q

what cell produces mullerian inhibitory factor?

A

sertoli cell

21
Q

what cell produces testosterone?

A

leydig cell

22
Q

what is the role of DHT (dihydrotestosterone)?

A

converts genital tubercle, urogenital sinus into male external genitalia, prostate

23
Q

how would you diff 5 alpha reductase def and androgen insensitivity syndrome?

A

high testosterone in androgen insensitivity whereas normal testosterone in 5 alpha reductase def.

24
Q

which disorder is associated with scant sexual hair and lack of uterus and fallopian tube?

A

androgen insensitivity syndrome

25
Q

another name for paramesonephric duct?

A

mullerian duct

26
Q

another name for wolffian duct

A

mesonephric duct

27
Q

what is the origin of paramesonephric duct?

A

lower portion from urogenital sinus

28
Q

what will lack of sertoli cell or lack of MIF lead to?

A
  1. develop both male and female internal organs

2. develop male external genitalia