Religion in the Age of Globalization Flashcards Preview

AP World History > Religion in the Age of Globalization > Flashcards

Flashcards in Religion in the Age of Globalization Deck (24)
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1
Q

further spreading of major world religions

A
  • (i.e. eastern religion in America, Christianity growing in Africa)
  • displaced persons (DP) of Jews from the Holocaust
2
Q

the resurgence of religions in new forms

A
  • branching out of religions, sects, etc.
  • incorporating it in daily life
  • clothing, customs, and dress
  • Al Qaeda (Osama Bin Laden) - radical Islam
3
Q

opposition of religions against secular and global modernization

A
  • religions fundamentalism - challenged science (i.e. Darwinism)
  • Anti-Americanism (anti-Christianity)
4
Q

religion having a political role

A
  • opposing liberal views (LGBT, abortion)
  • Nativism (making countries have only that first original religion)
  • Sharia law
  • Islamic activists (Malcom X, Ali)
  • Palestine region (Israel)
5
Q

religious fundamentalism

A
  • strict religious devotion that can be seen as defensive
  • also seen as exclusive
  • emerged because many religions felt threatened by the political world
  • scientific and secular focus of modernity challenged the core beliefs of supernatural religion
  • social upheavals connected with globalizaiton = upset the traditional class, family, and gender relationships
  • nation-states (often associated with certain religions) = undermined by the global economy and influence of “alien” cultures
6
Q

Christian fundamentalists in US

A
  • outraged with: “scientific” and critical approaches to the Bible, Darwinian evolution, and liberal versions of Christianity
  • wanted to get back to the “fundamentals” of Christianity
  • literal truthfulness of the scriptures
  • belief in the virgin birth and physical resurrection of Jesus
  • belief in miracles
  • came to oppose:
  • political liberalism and “big government”
  • the sexual revolution of the 1960s
  • rights for the LGBT community
  • abortion rights
7
Q

India

A
  • strong Hindu nation
  • believed India was, and had always been, a Hindu land
  • goal for India = to make ti purely Hindu nation again with a Hindu-based government
  • opposed the existence of other religions, beliefs, etc. in India Christians, Muslims, Sikhs, Secularists
8
Q

Muslim

A
  • disappointments within the Muslim world fueling Islamic renewal:
    • “western” and secular policies not successful created overcrowded cities with few services, widespread unemployment, pervasive corruption, slow economic growth, and a widening gap between the rich and poor
  • issues with the West that fueled Islamic renewal:
    • a foreign presence still existed in the Muslim world even after decolonization. example: the creation of Israel in 1948
    • increasing presence of Western culture that was offensive Barbie dolls, alcohol, scantily clad women, American movies, secular schools, etc.
  • in their personal lives, many people became more religiously observant, attended mosque, prayed regularly, fasted, etc.
  • many women adopted modest Islamic dress and the veil voluntary
  • many governments sought to anchor themselves in Islamic rhetoric and practice
  • creation of Muslim organizations that operated to provide social services that the state offered inadequately
  • Islamic activists took leadership roles in unions and professional organizations
  • another expression of Islamic renewal = sought the violent overthrow of what they saw as “compromised” regimes in the Muslim world
9
Q

Al-Qaeda

A
  • created by Osama bin Laden
  • grew more radical when his homeland (Saudi Arabia) allowed the stationing of “Infidel” US troops in Islam’s holy land during and after the first American war against Iraq in 1992
  • mid-1990s = he found a safe haven in Taliban-ruled Afghanistan
  • great enemies of AL-Qaeda = not Christianity itself or even western civilization, but:
  • Irreligious Western-style modernity
  • US imperialism
  • an American led economic globalization
10
Q

what were some perceived disadvantages to globalization in the Muslim world

A
  • increased gap between the rich and the poor
  • increased western influence
  • increased American influence
11
Q

what is the fundamentalist Islamic impression of the US

A
  • scantily dressed women
  • irreverent
  • too powerful
12
Q

which demonstrates increased interest in Islam

A
  • increased prayer and visits to mosques
  • women wearing veils
  • adherence to fasts
13
Q

what does alcohol have to do with fundamental Islam

A
  • Muslim don’t drink or like this aspect of western culture
14
Q

how is Islamic fundamentalism a response to the West

A
  • distaste for western culture
  • distaste for irreverent American culture
  • distaste for the spread of American power
15
Q

which groups formed because of Islamic fundamentalism

A
  • Al Qaeda

- Hezbollah

16
Q

how is fundamentalism demonstrated in the US

A
  • opposition to big government
  • opposition to the sexual revolution
  • opposition to Darwin
17
Q

which leader was overthrown in Egypt in 1981

A
  • Hamas
18
Q

what does American clothing styles have to do with fundamental Islam

A
  • opposition to western influence
19
Q

how is Islamic fundamentalism demonstrated in the Muslim world

A
  • opposition to the West and America
20
Q

how is fundamentalism demonstrated in India

A
  • the goal of a purely Hindu nation
21
Q

why did Osama Bin Laden form Al Qaeda

A
  • response to Us presence in Iraq
22
Q

what is an example of the spread of Buddhism

A
  • increased interest in the US
  • increased interest in meditation
  • increased interest in yoga
23
Q

how did globalization inflame fundamentalist Islam’s distaste for America

A
  • increased American commerce
  • increased American soft power
  • increased western thought
24
Q

how was the spread of major world religions affected by globalization

A
  • the world was becoming smaller
  • western products were distributed to other parts of the world
  • westernization included western religions

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