Religion and Society Flashcards

1
Q

Greek word for household

A

oikos

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2
Q

Three main household gods

A

Zeus Ktesios: protector of property and wealth, the father would pray to him for health and good property.
Zeus Herkeios: Zeus of the fence protected the enclosure of the house.
Apollo Agyeios: protected the house from the outside
(father would make daily offerings)

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3
Q

Two other things that protected the household

A

the hearth (inside) and the herm (outside)

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4
Q

Example of a way the father looked after grave

A

offerings of garlands and libations of milk and honey offered once a year at the gravesite

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5
Q

Religious cults a young girl could be part of

A

Arrephoros, Grinder, festival of Artemis Brauronia & basket-bearer

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6
Q

Cults married women could take part in

A

Thesmophoria, Adonia (all women festivals) and the Eleusinian Mysteries

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7
Q

Example of religion in a specific deme

A

Erchia- 25 days of sacrifices per year. Worshipped heroes not upheld anywhere else, shows the regional variety of religion

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8
Q

Example of agricultural festival

A

the proerosia- ‘pre-ploughing’ festival to honour Demeter. Celebrated in Erchia, showed how rural demes would honour gods relevant to their livelihoods and that festivals served a practical purpose

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9
Q

Example of link between household and polis religion

A

polis hearth in the Prytaneion

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10
Q

Names of Panhellenic games

A

Pythian games, Olympian games, Nemean games, Isthmian games

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11
Q

Examples of religious authority given to civic officials and magistrates

A

the archon basileus, the eponymous archon & the polemarch (the ‘war archon’)

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12
Q

Word for overseers and what did they do?

A

epimeletai- individually appointed for particular festivals ie. Panathanaia. Would have originally paid for these but the expenses were moved to state responsibility

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13
Q

Example of king consulting oracle

A

Croesus, king of Lydia, went to Delphi to ask whether he should wage war against the Persians or not. Shows that consulting an oracle was not merely a formality but vital for making decisions

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14
Q

Example of religion in politics

A

Opening ceremony of the Athenian assembly meeting began with the sacrifice of a piglet

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15
Q

Example of building with religious and civic purpose

A

the prytaneion- where officials relating to the governing of the city met was also where the sacred hearth was

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16
Q

How often was the Panathenaia held?

A

Annually, the Great Panathenaia every 4 years

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17
Q

How do we know how popular the Panathenaia was?

A

procession grew so big that a special building, the Pompeion, was constructed

18
Q

Where did the procession of the Panathenaia go?

A

Started at the Dipylon Gate, through the agora and up to the Acropolis- the road was called the Panathenaic way

19
Q

What shows the importance of the Panathenaia?

A

it was the inspiration for the freize of the Parthenon- the first time a scene depicting a real-life event was depicted on a temple

20
Q

What did the Panathenaia mark?

A

the birth of Athene

21
Q

What was the focal part of the Panathenaia?

A

the presentation of a pelops that was woven by maidens from aristocratic families each year. Decorated with a scene showing Athene’s duel with the giant Encelados

22
Q

Significance of how the sacrificial meat was distributed at the Panathenaia?

A

Meat shared to every citizen- paid for either directly by the city or by imposing liturgies on rich Athenians and foreign residents. Reflective of the democratic nature of Athens. Highly valued and prized considering meat was not a regular part of the Greek diet because it was expensive. Communal eating brought people together in shared enjoyment

23
Q

Contests at the Panathenaia

A

Musical and rhapsodic, athletic contests, equestrian contests, tribal contests, torch race

24
Q

Prizes for winning a contest at the Panathenaia

A

musical example- golden crown worth 1,000 drachmas.

athletic- Panathenaic Amphorae

25
Q

Religious obligations of the father

A

tending to family tombs, Apatouria festival- entering their sons for admission to the phatry

26
Q

Zaidman festivals

A

‘inseparability of festivals from the very definition of Greek civic life’

27
Q

Zaidman religion

A

‘it impregnated each and every civic activity’

28
Q

Berkert religion

A

‘there is religion without the polis, even if there is no polis without religion’

29
Q

Kindt religion

A

‘the personal should not be separated from public’

30
Q

Key privilege of priestesses

A

not required to have a male guardian (kyrios)

31
Q

household religion done by women

A

placing amulets on their children to protect them, nuptial rites, funerary ritual ie. prepared for proethesis

32
Q

Importance of contests at the Panathenaia

A

contests showcased the best of Athens; celebrated their musical and literary talents, their athletic strength and agility, their military and naval power and their democratic organisation

33
Q

Significance of boat race at the Panathenaia

A

event honoured both Poseidon and Athene but also an example of a tribal event that celebrted Athens’ naval power and thanked the appropriate gods for their strength and success

34
Q

McClure women

A

‘critical to the welfare of the community’

35
Q

McClure men

A

‘primary religious agents’

36
Q

Examples of pollution

A

women after giving birth, sexual intercourse, murder, entering the house of a woman who had just given birth

37
Q

Archon Basileus religious authority

A

responsibility over the religious calendar and judicial authority over religious matters i.e. presiding over impiety trials.

38
Q

Eponymous archon religious authority

A

City Dionysia

39
Q

McClure polis religion

A

‘polis and household were intrinsically interconnected and interdependent at all levels’- argues against the view that the Polis were in control

40
Q

Significance of being a basket-bearer

A

Public religious office, led processions, important to state processions (Panathenaia) and private cults (rural Dionysia)

41
Q

Importance of the Thesmophoria

A

citizen men were required by law to pay for their wives to attend