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S2 Bio 109 A&P 2 > Referred pain > Flashcards

Flashcards in Referred pain Deck (25)
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1
Q

Pain definition

A

An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage or described in terms of such damage - The physical feeling caused by disease, injury, or something that hurts the body - mental or emotional suffering: sadness is caused by some emotional or mental problem - someone or something that causes trouble or makes you feel annoyed or angry

2
Q

Acute pain

A

Pain that comes on quickly, can be severe, but lasts a relatively short period of time

3
Q

Chronic pain

A

Lasts >12 weeks, can evolve from a true pain or have no know cause

4
Q

Purpose of pain

A

Protection - acute pain related to trauma stimulates avoidance of activities that could potentially cause more damage - acute pain onset without know trauma indicates something is wrong (chest pain/heart attack) - Pain generally resolves when stimulus is removed or damage is healed

5
Q

Nociceptors

A

Sensory neuron that responds to damaging or potentially damaging stimulus by sending “possible threat” signals to brain and spinal cord

6
Q

A-delta

A

Fast, myelinated fibers - acute, sharp pain

7
Q

C fibers

A

Slow, unmyelinated - burning, aching, throbbing

8
Q

Referred pain

A

Pain felt in a part of the body other than its actual source

9
Q

Radicular pain

A

Pain that radiates along the course of a spinal nerve root - caused by compression, inflammation, and/or injury to a spinal nerve root

10
Q

Sources of referred pain

A
  • visceral - trigger points - phantom - spinal segments
11
Q

Visceral referred pain

A

Pain felt in the skin or an area of the body surface removed from the site of disease or injury - dull, poorly localized, typically referred to a location served by nerves from the same segment level of the spinal cord - may produce 2 sensory alterations 1. Increased tenderness of remote and superficial areas of the body 2. Enhanced pain sensitivity of the same or nearby viscera

12
Q

Pattern of visceral pain

A
  • not all organs are sensitive to pain - disease is only detected when symptoms indicate abnormal function - minor lesions of stomach, bladder, or uterus can produce excruciating pain disproportionate to damage - internal organs with nociceptors are mostly the hollow viscera
13
Q
A
14
Q
A
15
Q

Trigger point referred pain

A

Pain in the muscle?

16
Q

Phantom limb pain

A

Ongoing painful sensations that seems to be coming from the part of the limb that is no longer there - the limb is gone but the pain is real - the onset of this pain most often occurs soon after surgery - although the limb is no longer there, the nerve endings at the site of the amputation continue to send pain signals to the brain that make the brain think the limb is still there - sometimes, the brain memory of pain is retained and is interpreted as pain, regardless of signals from injured nerves

17
Q

Men vs women heart attack

A

Pic

18
Q

Findings that indicate need for PT alert

A
  • cancer - cardiovascular - gastrointestinal / genitourinary - miscellaneous - neurological
19
Q

Cancer red flags (6)

A
  1. Persistent pain at night 2. Constant pain anywhere in body 3. Unexplained weight loss (10+lbs in 2 weeks) 4. Loss of appetite 5. Unusual lumps or growths 6. Unwarranted fatigue
20
Q

Cardiovascular red flags (7)

A
  1. Shortness of breath 2. Dizziness 3. Pain or heaviness in the chest 4. Pulsating pain anywhere in the body 5. Constant and severe pain in the lower leg or arm 6. Discolored or painful feet 7. Swelling and no history of injury
21
Q

GI / genitourinary red flags (5)

A
  1. Frequent or severe abdominal pain 2. Frequent heartburn or indigestion 3. Frequent nausea or vomiting 4. Change in or problems with bladder function 5. Unusual menstrual irregularities
22
Q

Miscellaneous red flags (4)

A
  1. Fever or night sweats 2. Recent sever emotional disturbances 3. Swelling or redness in any oint with no history of injury 4. Pregancy
23
Q

Neurological red flags (8)

A
  1. Changes in hearing 2. Frequent or sever headaches with no history or injury 3. Problems with swallowing or changes in speech 4. Changes in vision 5. Problems with balance, coordination, or falling 6. Faint spells 7. Sudden weakness 8. Loss of bowel or bladder control
24
Q

Medical consult red flags (6)

A
  1. Sever unremitting pain 2. Pain unaffected by medication or position 3. Severe night pain 4. Severe pain with no history of injury 5. Sever spasm 6. Psychological overlay
25
Q
A