Reducing Global Inequalities Flashcards Preview

Geography Paper 1: Component 1 Topic 2 - Development Dynamics > Reducing Global Inequalities > Flashcards

Flashcards in Reducing Global Inequalities Deck (25)
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1
Q

Development Strategies can be Top-_____ or Bottom-____.

A

Down…Up…

2
Q

Some People are Trying to ____________ Global Inequalities by Helping Poor Countries ___________.

A

Decrease…Develop…

3
Q

Development Projects can Include Building Schools to Improve ____________ Rates, making Dams to Provide Clean Water or Providing Farming Education to Improve _____________.

A

Literacy…Agriculture…

4
Q

What are the Two Different Approaches to Development Strategies?

A

Top-Down and Bottom-Up.

5
Q

What is a Type of Strategy for a Top-Down Approach?

A

A Government or Large Organisation. An Inter-Governmental Organisation (IGO) or Transnational Corporation (TNC) makes Decisions about How to Increase Development and Direct the Project.

6
Q

What is a Type of Strategy for a Bottom-Up Approach?

A

Local People and Communities Decide on ways to Improve Things for their Own Community. Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) are Often Involved.

7
Q

Scales and Aims for a Top-Down Approach?

A
  • Often Used for Large Projects (Dams).

- Aim to Solve Large Scale Problems and Improve Lives.

8
Q

Scales and Aims for a Bottom-Up Approach?

A
  • Usually Small-Scale, Building or Maintaining a Well in a Village.
  • They Often Aim to Improve the Quality of Life for the Poorest and Most Vulnerable People in Society.
9
Q

Funding for a Top-Down Approach?

A
  • Usually Very Expensive.
  • Some Projects are Funded by TNCs or Governments from Developed Countries who will Profit from the Development.
  • Other Projects may be Funded by Loans from International Organisations. Money may have to be Payed back Later of the Organisation may have Conditions for Lending Money.
10
Q

Funding for a Bottom-Up Approach?

A
  • Projects are Usually Much Cheaper.

- Most Money Comes from Charities, which Often Rely on Donations from People in Richer Countries.

11
Q

Technology for a Top-Down Approach?

A
  • Projects are Often High-Tech and Energy Intensive. Construction Involves Machinery and Technology, Often Operated by Skilled Workers from Developed Countries rather than Local People.
  • The Recipient Country becomes Dependent on Technology and Workers from the Donor Country for Operation and Maintenance.
12
Q

Technology for a Bottom-Up Approach?

A
  • Projects Involve Intermediate Technology.
  • Local Materials are Used and Local People are Employed meaning People have the Materials and Skills to Maintain the Project.
13
Q

Approaches to ______________ Include NGO-Led Intermediate ______________.

A

Development…Technology…

14
Q

Non-Governmental Organisations (_____s) are Not-For-Profit Groups which are _______________ from Governments, often Charities.

A

NGO…Independent…

15
Q

NGO-Led Development Projects Often Involve the Use of Intermediate ____________. This Includes Tools, Machines and Systems that are Simple to Use, _____________ to Buy or Build and Cheap to Maintain.

A

Technology…Affordable…

16
Q

Advantages of NGO-Led Intermediate Technology?

A
  • Projects are Designed to Address the Needs of People Local to where the Projects are Carried Out.
  • Locally Available, Cheap Materials are Used so the Community isn’t Dependant on Expensive Imports.
  • Projects are Labour Intensive, Creating Jobs for Local People.
17
Q

Disadvantages of NGO-Led Intermediate Technology?

A
  • Projects are Often Small-Scale, so they may not Benefit Everyone.
  • Different Organisations may not Work Together, so Projects may be Inefficient.
18
Q

Approaches to _______________ Include IGO-Funded ________ Infrastructure.

A

Development…Large…

19
Q

Inter-Governmental Organisations (_____s) are Made Up of the Governments of ___________ Countries.

A

IGO…Several…

20
Q

Advantages of IGO-Funded Large Infrastructure?

A
  • IGOs can Afford to Fund Large Infrastructure Projects in Developing and Emerging Countries.
  • Projects can Improve the Country’s Economy, Helping with Long-Term Development, which Provide Jobs and Boost the Economy.
  • Projects can also Improve People’s Quality of Life, as People have Better Access to Reliable Power and Clean Water.
21
Q

Disadvantages of IGO-Funded Large Infrastructure?

A
  • Large Projects are Often Expensive and the Country may have to Pay Back the Money which can Lead to Debt.
  • They may not Benefit Everyone.
  • If Governments are Corrupt, they may use the Money for their Own Purposes.
  • Projects Tend to be Energy Intensive.
22
Q

Approaches to _______________ Include _____________ by TNCs.

A

Development…Investment…

23
Q

TNCs are Also Involved in Development through _____________ in the Countries they ____________ in.

A

Investment…Operate…

24
Q

Advantages of Investment by TNCs?

A
  • TNCs Provide Employment for Local People.
  • More Companies Mean a Greater Income from Taxes for the Host Country.
  • Some TNCs Run Programmes to Help Development.
  • TNCs may also Invest in Infrastructure, Improving Roads, Basic Services and Communication Links in the Area, Improving Quality of Life.
25
Q

Disadvantages of Investment by TNCs?

A
  • Some Profits Leave the Host Country.
  • TNCs can Cause Environmental Problems.
  • TNCs may Move Around the Country to take Advantage of Local Tax Breaks, Leaving People Jobless as the Company Moves On.