Recognising Anxiety and Depression Flashcards Preview

MD1 Neuroscience > Recognising Anxiety and Depression > Flashcards

Flashcards in Recognising Anxiety and Depression Deck (16)
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1
Q

What is anxiety?

A

Unpleasant subjective/inner state of turmoil/dread over something unlikely to happen

2
Q

How is anxiety different to fear?

A

Fear = response to real/perceived immediate threat, whereas anxiety = anticipatory

3
Q

What are some physical symptoms of anxiety?

A
Increased RR
Sweating
Increased HR
Nausea
Feeling faint
4
Q

What are some cognitive symptoms of anxiety?

A
Poor concentration
Guilt
Uncontrollable worry/rumination
Extreme/irrational thinking
Feeling easily fatigued
Sleep disturbance
5
Q

What are some affective symptoms of anxiety?

A
Intense fear
Panic/impending doom
Uneasiness
Apprehension/nervousness
Feeling of being out of your control
6
Q

What are some behavioural symptoms of anxiety?

A
Fidgeting
Pacing
Restlessness
Agitation
Irritability
Tense posture
Nervous habits
7
Q

How do you differentiate between normal and abnormal anxiety?

A
Responses/emotions > out of proportion
Thoughts that can't be reasoned away
Thoughts characterised by catastrophic/extreme thinking
Behaviour beyond voluntary control
Avoidance of feared situation
8
Q

What are the key differences between an exaggerated fear response and an abnormal one?

A

Persistence of fear over time
Recognition by person that fear excessive/unreasonable
Associated avoidant behavioural response
Significant interference of fear in activities of daily life

9
Q

What are some anxiety disorders?

A
Separation anxiety disorder
Selective mutism
Specific phobia
Social anxiety disorder
Panic disorder
Agoraphobia
Generalised anxiety disorder
Substance/medication-induced anxiety disorder
Anxiety disorder due to another medical condition
Other and unspecified anxiety disorder
10
Q

When might anxiety be relevant to clinical practice?

A

Treatment avoidance
Denial
Somatic symptoms

11
Q

What are some options for managing an anxious response?

A

Relaxation training
Psychological referral
Psychopharmacology

12
Q

What are the two symptoms of which at least one has to be present in the last two weeks for a diagnosis of major depression?

A

Depressed mood

Loss of interest or pleasure

13
Q

Is depression higher in patient populations compared to the general population?

A

Yes

14
Q

What are the psychosocial factors contributing to post-stroke depression?

A

Reduced ability to engage in social activities
Loss of life roles
Communication deficits
Sense of loss of control over one’s life

15
Q

What are the neurobiological factors contributing to post-stroke depression?

A

Lesion location

Proinflammatory cytokines

16
Q

Is there a genetic component to post-stroke depression?

A

Yes

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