Reading: Music in America: Jazz and Beyond Flashcards Preview

J - MUSIC 101 > Reading: Music in America: Jazz and Beyond > Flashcards

Flashcards in Reading: Music in America: Jazz and Beyond Deck (32)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

Cultivated Music

A

In America, genres and styles of music that were brought from Europe and subsequently nurtured here through formal training and education.

2
Q

Vernacular Music

A

Music that was developed in America outside the European concert music tradition.

3
Q

Fuging Tunes

A

A simple anthem based on a hymn, with a little counterpoint.

4
Q

Who is the first American composer?

A

William Billings

5
Q

Minstrel Show

A

A type of variety show popular in nineteenth-century America, performed in blackface.

6
Q

Call and Response

A

In African and early African American music, a style in which a phrase by a leading singer or soloist is answered by a larger group or chorus, and the process is repeated again and again.

7
Q

Spiritual

A

Religious folk song, usually among African Americans (called “Negro spiritual” in the 19th century).

8
Q

Jazz

A

A major African American performance style that has influenced all twentieth-century popular music.

9
Q

Break

A

In jazz, a brief solo improvisation between song phrases.

10
Q

Beat Syncopation

A

In jazz, the fractional shifting of accents away from the beats.

11
Q

Backbeat

A

Displacing the beat so the accent is on a different beat than usual.

12
Q

Ragtime

A

A style of American popular music around 1900, usually for piano, which led to jazz.

13
Q

Blues

A

A type of African American vernacular music, used in jazz, rhythm and blues, rock, and other styles of popular music.

14
Q

Blues, like most folk songs, are ___ songs.

A

Strophic.

15
Q

Where does the phrase twelve-bar blues come from?

A

A blues melody consists of three four bar phrases.

16
Q

What is the form of the blues?

A

aab.

17
Q

If You Ever Been Down by Sippie Wallace

A
  • Accompanied by Louis Armstrong and herself on piano.

- Instruments play short breaks in between her lines.

18
Q

Gospel Music

A

Genre of African American choral church music, associated with the blues.

19
Q

New Orleans Jazz

A
  • Informal, low-budget, casual art.
  • Small bands (6-8 players).
  • Collective improvisation.
20
Q

Big Bands

A

The big jazz bands (10 to 20 players) of the 1930s and 1940s.

21
Q

Swing

A

A type of big-band jazz of the late 1930s and 1940.

22
Q

How did swing compensate for the lost spontaneity of New Orleans Jazz?

A

Variety of tone colour and instrumental effects.

23
Q

What did jazz arrangers do?

A

Arranged current songs for bands. Demonstrated technical ingenuity and verve.

24
Q

Conga Brava by Duke Ellington

A
  • Latin American music appropriated by jazz.

- Jazz melody cut off by still and mournful conga melody with Latin beat.

25
Q

Typical forms of Tin Pan Alley songs:

A

aaba or abab.

26
Q

Bebop

A

A jazz style of the 1940’s.

27
Q

Bebop was a reaction to…

A

Big band and the distortion of style.

28
Q

Out of Nowhere by Charlie Parker

A
  • Improvised.
  • Irregular, discontinuous sounding rests.
  • Solos strike a balance between fantastic elaboration and return to a more modest starting point.
29
Q

Bitches Brew by Miles Davis

A
  • Fusion jazz (mix between rock and jazz).
  • Rhythmic patterns against quiet jazz drum background.
  • More elaborate patterns.
  • Slower tempo.
30
Q

Operetta

A

A nineteenth-century type of light (often comic) opera, employing spoken dialogue in between musical numbers.

31
Q

Musical Comedies (Musicals)

A

American development of operetta, involving American subjects and music influenced by jazz or rock.

32
Q

West Side Story by Leonard Bernstein

A
  • Based on Romeo and Juliet.
  • Story, score, and dances.
  • Cha-cha, Meeting Scene, and Cool.
  • Thematic transformation of cha-cha melody.
  • Fugue dance in Cool.

Decks in J - MUSIC 101 Class (63):