Rapid Urbanisation-exonomic and Migration factors Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Rapid Urbanisation-exonomic and Migration factors Deck (11)
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1
Q

List some migration “pull” factors to living in a city

A
  • Higher paid jobs
  • More jobs available
  • Wider variety of jobs
  • More services on offer
  • Better healthcare available
  • More entertainment opportunities
2
Q

Describe the population change of New York City 1980-2015

A

Its rate of increase is increasing
1982 population 7 million
2014: 8.5 million-highest ever
316,000 people was the net increase in New York City’s population, even though 307,000 people left the city in the same period of time

3
Q

Explain why Detroit’s population has declined

A

The wealthier population left to live in the suburbs, for a higher standard of living and better quality of life, this massively reduced the city council’s tax income, which meant it had to make huge cuts to public services, causing even more people to leave.
Deindustrialisation also occurred, because of competition from overseas.
Many manufacturers, especially car brands turned to robotics to reduce costs, and keep up with competition, this cause high unemployment

4
Q

What is the difference between the Formal and Informal economies?

A

The Formal economy os regulated by governments, is official and meets legal standards. Businesses pay tax, and must adhere to workers rights and conditions

The informal economy is unofficial and unregulated, no records are kept, there is no minimum wage, or workers rights

5
Q

Describe the Clark-Fisher model of development

A

In the pre industrial stage, most jobs are in the primary sector, with few in the secondary, and almost none in the tertiary,
In the industrial stage, there are a decreasing number of primary jobs, increasing number of tertiary jobs, and a peak in secondary
In the post industrial stage, most jobs are in the tertiary sector, very few in primary, decreasing number in secondary, and some in the quaternary

6
Q

What sort of jobs are common in emerging countries eg Mexico

A

Very little primary sector jobs
Many secondary sector jobs, often including heavy industry and engineering, due to lower standards than in developed countries,
Many process raw materials, eg sugar refining, wood processing…, large tertiary sector, ma y government run services, finance, admin…
Very small quaternary sector which grows rapidly

7
Q

Explain the difference in tertiary sector jobs in urban economies in developing countries to emerging countries

A

Both have large tertiary sectors, but in developing countries, most services are run by the government and are publicly owned, whereas in emerging countries, more services are privately owned, often by TNCs

8
Q

Give examples of informal economy jobs common in developing and emerging countries and list some issues that might come with them

A

Selling fruit and vegetables on the street-no job security, no contract, danger of attack/theft

Taking apart and recycling electronics-extremely high chance of health issues, and death, due to extremely toxic substances used in electronics, no job security

Builder(informal)- no job security, little regulation, health risk-dust, soot, pollution, abuse

9
Q

Give examples of informal economy jobs in developed countries

A

Street selling-often illegal, abuse, do not declare income and do not pay tax, no job security

Cleaning-abuse, no contract so little job security, no minimum wage

10
Q

Why do cities with faster growing populations tend to be in developing and emerging countries?

A

Because many developed countries have restrictions on growth, and many have peaked in population, fewer people in developing and emerging countries live in cities therefore the growth rate is higher, and many people want to move to urban centres in search of better jobs and lives

11
Q

Why does New York attract many highly skilled migrants from overseas?

A

Because it’s ‘knowledge economy’ is growing rapidly, but not enough people in the USA are skilled enough to work in it, therefore many come from overseas to ‘fill the gap’ in knowledge economy jobs