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Flashcards in radiological technology Deck (19)
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1
Q

What are other radiological technique

A

1) computed tomography
2) diagnositc sonography
3) fluoroscopy
4) magnetic resonance
5) position emission tomograph (PET)
6) ventilation-perfusion scan

2
Q

What is fluoroscopy

A

X-ray motion pictures of the chest are taken
continuous X-ray image on a monitor
–> subjects patient to larg dose of X-ray than standard radiography

–> used only in selected cases for assessment of abnormal diaphragmatic movement

3
Q

What is pulmonary angiography

A

What is it

  • a test to see how blood flows through the lung.
  • an imaging test that uses x-rays and a special dye to see inside the arteries

Indication
- identify pulmonary emboli or arteriovenous malformation

mechanism

  • involves injection of a radiopaque contrast medium through a catheter
  • this catheter has passed through the right side of the heart and into the pulmonary artery
4
Q

what is bronchography

A

What is it?
- the radiographic visualization of the bronchi

Indication?
- to provide a clear outline of the trachea, carina, right & left bronchi and segmental bronchi

how?

  • instillation of a radiopaque contrast material into the lumen of the tracheobronchial tree
  • Chest radiograph is taken, providing a film called a bronchogram
5
Q

What is computed tomography (CT scan)

A

use of computer-processed combinations of many X-ray measurements taken from different angles to produce cross-sectional (transverse) images of specific areas of a scanned object,

6
Q

How does Lung look like as CT goes down the body

A

in general, as CT goes down, more lung and heart tissue can be seen

1) only lung and trachea can be seen
2) heart tissue gets larger gradually as CT moves down
3) left and main stem bronchi can be seen pass the trachea
4) at the diaphgram level, can’t see lung or heart tissues

7
Q

What is Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

A

uses magnetic reonances as its sources of energy to take cross-sectional (transverse, sagittal, coronal) images of the body

8
Q

How is MRI different than CT

A
  • takes longer than CT
  • takes 30 - 60 mins
  • uses a strong magnet
9
Q

What is the noise levels in MRI

A
  • normal pain threshold is 120 dBs
  • MRI reaches 95 dbs
  • maximum noise level permitted in MRI is 140dbs
10
Q

How to deal with noise level in MRI

A

earplugs reduces noise by 10 -14 dbs

*patient is required to ear hearing protection in the scanner

11
Q

what is faradays law of induction

A

the induced electromotive force or EMF in any closed circuit is equal to the time rate of change of the magnetic flux through the circuit

A moving magnetic field induces a voltage in a coil of wire

**metallic objects have to be removed from the patient

12
Q

How is accident prevent in MRI

A

person entering the scan room must be scanned

Questions related to surgeries, implants, metal, tatto, piercings must be asked

13
Q

What is the difference between CT and MRI

A

1) MRi takes longer than CT
2) MRI doesnt use radiation
3) CT doesnt have safety issue as MRI, except the radiation
4) CT environment doesnt require restricted entry at all times, its only restricted when CT is used

14
Q

What is diagnostic sonography

A

a branch of diagnostic medical imaging, is the use of imaging by medical ultrasound for medical diagnosis

DMS uses non-ionizing ultrasound to produce 2D and 3D images of the body.

15
Q

What is Echocardiography?

A

it is an ultrasound of the heart.

Echocardiography uses standard two-dimensional, three-dimensional, and Doppler ultrasound to create images of the heart

16
Q

What is a ventilation perfusion scan

A

What is it
a nuclear medicine scan that uses radioactive material (radiopharmaceutical) to examine airflow (ventilation) and blood flow (perfusion) in the lungs

indication
- used to determine the presence of pulmonary embolism

17
Q

How is V/Q scan perfomed

A
  • injecting small particles of albumin, macroaggregates

- ->tagged with a radioactive material such as iodine -131 or technetium 99m

18
Q

What is PET scan

A

What is it?
imaging test that helps reveal how your tissues and organs are functioning.

indication
-shows both anatomic structures and metabolic activity of the tissues and organs scanned

Mechanism
- uses a special dye containing radioactive tracers. These tracers are either swallowed, inhaled, or injected into a vein in your arm

19
Q

relationship between CT and PET scan

A
  • PET and CT scan cane merge together at the same time
  • provides an image superior to that afforded by either technology independently
  • CT gives anatomical details
  • pet gives metabolic activity of the tumor or mass