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Flashcards in R22 Basics Deck (31)
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1
Q

How long is the R22?

A

259” from front of skid to rear tail rotor.

345” from front tip of rotor path plane to the rear of the tail rotor

2
Q

How wide is the R22?

A

76” from skid to skid.

44” wide cockpit

3
Q

How tall is the R22?

A

69” from ground to top of cockpit.

107 inches from top of rotor mast to ground.

4
Q

What is the diameter of the main rotor?

A

25’ 2” (302”)

5
Q

What is the diameter of the tail rotor?

A

42” (3’6”)

6
Q

What is the engine/powerplant of the R22?

A

A Lycoming O-320 or O-360 Four-cylinder reciprocating engine.

7
Q

Describe the four-cylinder engine.

A

The four cylinder engine is a horizontally-opposed, direct-drive air-cooled, carburetor equipped, normally aspirated piston engine, equipped with a starter, alternator, shielded ignition, two magnetos, muffler, oil cooler and induction air filter.

Fuel and air are mixed inside the cylinders, compressed, and then ignited – producing an explosive force and causing the pistons to move inward.

8
Q

What does horizontally-opposed mean?

A

Pistons are connected from the cylinders to a crankshaft, with each cylinder positioned side-by-side, horizontally.
When they move inward and outward, they cause the crankshaft to rotate which turns the engine output shaft
(as well as the cam shaft, which opens and closes the two valves that let the air-fuel mixture in to the cylinder and exhaust gases out).

9
Q

What does it mean that the engine is direct-drive?

A

It means there is direct power transfer to the lower and upper sheaves.

A vee-belt sheave is bolted directly to the engine output shaft. The vee-belts transmit power to the upper sheave which has an overrunning (sprag) clutch contained in its hub. The inner shaft of the clutch transmits power forward to the main rotor and aft to the tail rotor. Flexible couplings are located at the main gearbox input and each end of the long tail rotor drive shaft.

10
Q

What does carbureted mean?

A

The piston engine is carburetor-equipped. The carburetor mixes air with the fuel that gets sent to the cylinder combustion chambers. Fuel arrives at the carburetor and sits in the float chamber, waiting to be used. To the side of the float chamber is the venturi which is where the air passes through on its way to the cylinder. As the air passes through the venturi, its velocity increases, which produces a decrease in pressure. Towards the bottom of the venturi is the fuel discharge nozzle, which draws fuel the fuel out of the float chamber, due to the drop in pressure, and mixes it with the air. Just beyond the venturi is the throttle valve, which controls how much of the fuel-air mixture is sent to the cylinders.

11
Q

What does normally-aspirated mean?

A

This refers to an internal combustion engine in which oxygen intake depends solely on atmospheric pressure and does not rely on forced induction through a turbocharger or supercharger.

12
Q

What is the horsepower of the engine (normal rating)?

A

145 BHP (derated) @ 2700 RPM

13
Q

What is the maximum continuous rating in R22?

A

124 BHP at 2652 RPM (104% on tachometer)

14
Q

What is the five-minute takeoff rating in the R22 Beta II?

A

131 BHP at 2652 RPM

15
Q

What is the cooling system on the R22?

A

A direct-drive squirrel cage blower

16
Q

Describe the direct-drive squirrel-cage blower.

A

Squirrel-cage fan is mounted to the engine output shaft, supplying cooling air to the cylinders and oil cooler.

17
Q

What is the max gross weight?

A

1370 lbs

18
Q

What is the min gross weight?

A

920 lbs

19
Q

What is the max weight per seat, including baggage compartment?

A

240 lbs

20
Q

Is aerobatic flight allowed in the R22?

A

No. It is prohibited

21
Q

What type of cyclic maneuvers are prohibited?

A

Low-G cyclic pushovers are prohibited as they can cause a catastrophic loss of lateral control

22
Q

How do you eliminate a low-G condition?

A
  • Immediately apply gentle aft cyclic to reload rotor (restore positive “G” forces and maintain rotor RPM)
  • If a right roll occurs, make sure not to apply any lateral cyclic until after reloading rotor
23
Q

When is flight with the governor off allowed?

A
  • During training of emergency procedures

- If governor is malfunctioning, it has to be switched off and throttle controlled manually.

24
Q

What is the maximum operating density altitude?

A

14,000 feet

25
Q

What is the capacity of the fuel tanks?

A

In R22s with bladder, 26.3 usable gallons (16.9-M, 9.4-Aux) – 1.7gal unusable

In R22s without bladder, 29.7 usable gallons (19.2-M, 10.5-Aux) – 1.0gal unusable

26
Q

What are the flight restrictions with regard to wind for a pilot with less than 200 hours in helicopters and less than 50 hours in the R22?

A
  1. Flight when surface winds exceed 25 kts is restricted
  2. Flight when surface wind gust spreads exceed 15 kts is restricted.
  3. Continued flight in moderate, severe, or extreme turbulence is restricted
27
Q

What should airspeed be adjusted to when encountering moderate, severe, or extreme turbulence?

A

60 to 70 KIAS (no higher than 0.7Vne and no lower than 57 KIAS)

28
Q

What is considered moderate turbulence?

A

Turbulence that causes:

  • changes in altitude and attitude
  • variations in indicated airspeed
  • aircraft occupants to feel definite strains against seat belts
29
Q

What type of rotor system does the R22 have?

A

A semi-rigid, underslung rotor system that is free to teeter by tilting (with respect to the rotor shaft) on a hinge.

30
Q

What does a teetering hinge do?

A

It allows the blades to flap together as a unit, as one blade flaps up, the other flaps down.

31
Q

What does air-cooled mean?

A

No water is used to cool the engine – no radiator