QUIZ 7 Flashcards Preview

NRSG200 > QUIZ 7 > Flashcards

Flashcards in QUIZ 7 Deck (82)
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1
Q

o2

A

oxygen

2
Q

o2 sat

A

oxygen saturation

3
Q

OA

A

osteoarthritis

4
Q

OB

A

obstetrics

5
Q

OD

A

overdose

6
Q

OG

A

orogastric

7
Q

OOB

A

out of bed

8
Q

O&P

A

ova and parasites

9
Q

OR

A

operating room

10
Q

ORIF

A

open reduction internal fixation

11
Q

OT

A

occupational therapy

12
Q

OTC

A

over the counter

13
Q

q

A

every

14
Q

qid

A

four times per day

15
Q

RBC

A

red blood cell

16
Q

RDA

A

recommended daily/dietary allowance

17
Q

RLL

A

right lower lobe

18
Q

RLQ

A

right lower quadrant

19
Q

RML

A

right middle lobe

20
Q

RN

A

registered nurse

21
Q

R/O

A

rule out

22
Q

ROM

A

range of motion

23
Q

ROS

A

review of systems

24
Q

RR

A

respiration rate

25
Q

RT

A

respiratory therapist

26
Q

RUL

A

right upper lobe

27
Q

RUQ

A

right upper quadrant

28
Q

RV

A

right ventricle

29
Q

Rx

A

treatment

30
Q

s

A

without

31
Q

SaO2

A

arterial oxygen percent saturation

32
Q

SBP

A

systolic blood pressure

33
Q

SCD

A

sequential compression device

34
Q

SCI

A

spinal cord injury

35
Q

SICU

A

surgical intensive care unit

36
Q

SL

A

sublingual

37
Q

SLE

A

systemic lupus erythematosus

38
Q

SNF

A

skilled nursing facility

39
Q

SOB

A

shortness of breath

40
Q

S/P

A

status post

41
Q

sp. gr.

A

specific gravity

42
Q

STAT

A

immdiately

43
Q

Sub Q

A

subcutaneous

44
Q

SVC

A

superior vena cava

45
Q

SVR

A

systemic vascular resistance

46
Q

Sx

A

symptom(s)

47
Q

anuria

A

a lack of urine production.

48
Q

blood urea nitrogen

A

urea, the end product of protein metabolism in the kidneys, is measured as blood urea nitrogen (BUN).

49
Q

creatinine clearance

A

this test uses 24 hr urine and serum creatinine levels to determine the glomerular filtration rate, a sensitive indicator of renal function.

50
Q

diuretics

A

ie chlorothiazide, furosemide
increase urine formation by preventing the reabsorption of water and electrolytes from tubules of kidney into bloodstream. some meds may alter color of urine.

51
Q

dysuria

A

voiding is either painful or difficult.
can accompany a stricture (decrease in caliber) of urethra, urinary infections, and injury to bladder and urethra. often clients will say they have to push to void or that burning accompanies or follows voiding. burning may be described as severe, like a hot poker, or more subdued like a sunburn.

52
Q

enuresis

A

defined as involuntary passing of urine when control should be established (about 5 yrs of age), can be a problem for some school age children. about 10% of all 6 yr olds experience difficulty controlling bladder.

53
Q

ileal conduit

A

or ileal loop, is the most common incontinent urinary diversion.
a segment of ileum is removed and intestinal ends are reattached. one end of portion removed is closed with sutures to create a pouch, other end is brought out through abd wall to create a stoma. ureters are implanted into the ileal pouch. ileal stoma is more readily fitted with an appliance than ureterostomies because of its larger size. mucous membrane lining of ileum also provides some protection from ascending infection. urine drains continuously from ileal pouch.

54
Q

nephrostomy

A

diverts urine from kidney via a catheter inserted into the renal pelvis to a nephrostomy tube and bag.

55
Q

neurogenic bladder

A

impaired neurologic function can interfere with the normal mechanisms of urine elimination, resulting in neurogenic bladder.
client with neurogenic bladder does not perceive bladder fullness and is therefore unable to control the urinary sphincters. the bladder may become flaccid and distended or spastic, with frequent involuntary urination.

56
Q

nocturia

A

voiding two or more times at night.

like frequency, it’s usually expressed in terms of number of times person gets out to void ie nocturia x 4.

57
Q

polydipsia

A

excess thirst (despite drinking fluids)

58
Q

polyuria

A

aka diuresis.
refers to the production of abnormally large amounts of urine by the kidneys, often several liters more than the client’s usual daily output. polyuria can follow excess fluid intake (polydipsia), or may be associated with diseases like DM, diabetes insipidus, chronic nephritis. can cause excessive fluid loss –> intense thirst –> dehydration –> weight loss

59
Q

polydipsia

A

condition of excessive fluid intake

60
Q

postvoid residual

A

(PVR)
urine remaining in the bladder following voiding. normally 50-100ml. a bladder outlet obstruction (enlargement of prostate) or loss of bladder muscle tone may interfere with complete emptying. manifestations of urine retention: frequent voiding of small amounts (less than 100ml for adults), urinary stasis, UTI.
pvr is measured to assess amount of retained urine and the need for interventions (ie meds to promote detrusor muscle contractions).
to measure: nurse catheterizes or bladder scans client after voiding. amount voided/obtained by catheterization or bladder scan are measured and recorded. indwelling cath may be inserted if PVR exceeds specified amount.

61
Q

suprapubic catheter

A

inserted surgically thru abdominal wall above symphysis pubis into urinary bladder. may have a balloon or pigtail that holds it in bladder. inserted with local anesthesia by provider or during bladder/vaginal surgery. may be secured with sutures to reinforce security of cath and then attached to closed drainage system.
may be placed for temp bladder drainage until client resumes normal voiding (after urethral, bladder, or vaginal surgery), or permanent device (urethral or pelvic trauma).
assess their urine, fluid intake, comfort, maintain patent drainage, do skin care around insertion, do periodic clamping of catheter preparatory to removing if not a permanent appliance.
care for insertion site with sterile technique.

62
Q

trigone

A

at the base of bladder.

is a triangular area marked by ureter openings at posterior corners and opening of urethra at anterior inferior corner.

63
Q

urinary frequency

A

voiding at frequent intervals, more than 4-6x per day. increased intake of fluid causes some increase in frequency. conditions such as UTI, stress, pregnancy can cause frequent voiding of small quantities (50-100ml) of urine. total fluid intake/output may be normal.

64
Q

urinary hesistancy

A

a delay and difficulty in initiating voiding.

often associated with dysuria.

65
Q

urinary urgency

A

sudden, strong desire to void. may or may not be a great deal of urine in the bladder, but person feels need to void immediately. accompanies physiological stress and irritation of the trigone and urethra. also common in people who have poor external sphincter control and unstable bladder contractions. it is not a normal finding.

66
Q

urinary retention

A

when emptying of the bladder is impaired, urine accumulates and the bladder becomes overdistended = urinary retention.
overdistention causes poor contractility of detrusor muscle, further impairing urination. common causes = prostatic hypertrophy, surgery, some meds.
acute urinary retention is most commmon complication in first 2-4 hours postop.
causes of chronic = paraplegia, quadriplegia, Multiple sclerosis, urethral or perineal trauma.
clients with retention may experience overflow incontinence, eliminating 25-50ml of urine at frequent intervals. bladder is firm and distended on palpating and may be displaced to one side of midline.

67
Q

cathartics

A

drugs that induce defecation. they can have strong, purgative effect. a laxative is mild in comparison to a cathartic. produces soft or liquid stools that are sometimes accompanies by abd cramping. ex: castor oil, cascara, phenolphthaelin, bisacodyl.

68
Q

carminatives

A

herbal oils known to act as agents that help expel gas from stomach and intestines.

69
Q

colostomy

A

a type of ostomy (an opening for the GI, urinary, or respiratory tract onto the skin).
colsotomy opens into the colon (large bowel).
diverts and drains fecal material. often classified according to status as permanent or temporary, anatomic location, and construction a stoma.

70
Q

constipation

A

fewer than 3 BM /wk. passage of dry, hard stool or passage of no stool. occurs when movement of feces thru large intestine is slow, allowing time for additional reabsorption of fluid from large intestine. difficult evacuation of stool and increased effort or straining of voluntary muscles of defecation.
may have feeling of incomplete stool evacuation after defecation.
important to define constipation in relation to person’s regular elimination pattern.

71
Q

defecation

A

expulsion of feces from anus and rectum. aka bowel movement.
frequency is highly individual. several times per day to 2-3 times per wk.
amount also varies.
peristaltic waves move feces into sigmoid colon and rectum, sensory nerves in rectum are stimulated and individual becomes aware of need to defecate.
facilitated by thigh flexion, sitting position. ignoring reflex or consciously inhibiting by contracting external sphincter muscle will make urge to defecate disappear for a few hours. repeated inhibition can result in expansion of rectum to accommodate accumulation and eventual loss of sensitivity to the need to defecate. constipation can be ultimate result.

72
Q

diarrhea

A

the passage of liquid feces and an increased frequency of defecation. opposite of constipation. results from rapid movement of fecal contents thru large intestine. rapid passage of chyme reduces time available for large intestine to reabsorb water/electrolytes. some ppl pass stool with inc frequency, but diarrhea is not present unless stool is relatively unformed and excessively liquid. person with diarrhea finds it difficult or impossible to control urge to defecate. often source of embarrassment. often find spasmodic cramps and increased bowel sounds.
persistent diarrhea>irritation of anal region extending to perineum and buttocks.
fatigue, weakness, malaise, and emaciation are results of prolonged diarrhea.
can be a protective flushing mechanism but also creates serious fluid and electrolyte losses in body (develop within frightening short periods of time in infants, small children, older adults.)
protect anal area clean and dry with zinc oxide or other ointment.
use fecal collector can.
diarrhea caused by stress, meds, antibiotics, allergy, intolerance to foods, diseases like Crohn’s, Iron

73
Q

enema

A

solution introduced into rectum and large intestine. action of enema is to distend intestine and sometimes irritate intestinal mucosa, thereby increasing peristalsis and excretion of feces and flatus. enema should be at 37.7 celsius (100F) because solution thats too cold or too hot is uncomfortable and causes cramping. classed as cleansing, carminative, retention, or return-flow enemas.

74
Q

fecal impaction

A

mass or collection of hardened feces in folds of rectum. impaction results from prolonged retention and accumulation of fecal material. in severe impactions the feces accumulate and extend well up into sigmoid colon and beyond. a client who has a fecal impaction will experience the passage of liquid fecal seepage (diarrhea) and no normal stool. liquid portion of feces seeps out around impacted mass. impaction can also be assessed by digital examination of the rectum, during which the hardened mass can often be palpated.

75
Q

flatus

A

largely air and the by-products of digestion of carbohydrates. eventually eliminated thru anal canal

76
Q

gastrocolic reflex

A

increased peristalsis of the colon after food has entered the stomach.

77
Q

jejunostomy

A

a type of ostomy (an opening for the GI, urinary, or respiratory tract onto the skin).
jejunostomy opens thru the abd wall into the jejunum.
generally performed to provide an alternate feeding route.

78
Q

ileostomy

A

a type of ostomy (an opening for the GI, urinary, or respiratory tract onto the skin).
ileostomy opens into the ileum (small bowel)

79
Q

hemorrhoids

A

veins in the vertical folds of the rectum become distended with repeated pressure –> hemorrhoids.

80
Q

laxatives

A

medications that stimulate bowel activity and so assist fecal elimination.
consistent use inhibits natural defecation reflexes and is thought to cause rather than cure constipation. eventually will require greater doses. may interfere w/body electrolyte balance and decrease absorption of certain vitamins.

81
Q

peristalsis

A

wavelike movement produced by circular and longitudinal muscle fibers of intestinal walls; propels intestinal contents forward. colon peristalsis is very sluggish and thought to move chyme very little along large intestine. mass peristalsis is the third type of colonic movement, and involves a wave of powerful muscular contraction that moves over large areas of the colon. usually occurs after eating, stimulated by presence of food in stomach and small intestine(occurs few times a day only).

82
Q

stoma

A

the opening created in the abdominal wall by an ostomy. generall red and moist. initially slight bleeding may occur when touched and this is normal. person does not feel stoma because there are no nerve endings in the stoma.