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Flashcards in Quiz 1 Deck (49)
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1
Q

name the 12 CN and whether they are sensory, motor, or both

A
I: olfactory- S
II: optic- S
III: occulomotor- M
IV: Trochlear- M
V: Trigmenial- B
VI: Abducen-  M
VII: Facial- B
VIII: Vesticubulococular- S
IX: Glossopharyhngeal-B
X: Vagus- B
XI: Accessory- M
XII: Hypoglossal- M
2
Q

innervates structures of the body, such as voluntary muscle

A

somatic NS

3
Q

monitors and controls visceral activity (sympathetic and parasympathetic)

A

autonomic (ANS)

4
Q

“brain” structures consist of

A

cerebrum (R and L hemisphere)
subcortical structures
cerebellum (little brain)
brainstem (midbrain, pons, medulla)

5
Q

what are the spinal cord segments

A
8 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral
1 coccygeal
6
Q

subcortical structures

A
  1. diencephalon
    (Thalamus, epithalamus, hypothalamus, subthalamus)
  2. Basal ganglia
    (straitum, caudate, putamne, globus pallidus, substantia nigra, subthalamic nucleus)
7
Q

major nuclei

grand central station

A

thalamus

8
Q

group of subcortical nuclei involved w/ movement and more

A

basal ganglia

9
Q

semidetached mass of neural tissue anchored to the posterior brainstem

A

cerebellum

“little brain”

10
Q

what is the cerebellum involved in?

A

sensory processing, postural control and coordination of voluntary movements

11
Q

what are outgrowths of the CNS

A

optic nerve, retina, olfactory nerves

-considered CNS tissue

12
Q

ataxia

A

the loss of full control of bodily movements

-problems with LE movement (appears drunk)

13
Q

dysmetria

A

a lack of coordination of movement typified by the undershoot or overshoot of intended position with the hand, arm, leg, or eye.

14
Q

problem/injury with cerebellum causes a person to

A

appear drunk-like

15
Q

SC ends at what bony landmark

A

L2 (aka cauda equina)

L2 sits around waist line, L5 is at the sacrum

16
Q

functional cell of the nervous system

A

neuron

17
Q

EPSP

A

a postsynaptic potential that makes the neuron more likely to fire an action potential

18
Q

IPSP

A

a kind of synaptic potential that makes a postsynaptic neuron less likely to generate an action potential.

19
Q

a way of achieving an action potential in a neuron with input from multiple presynaptic cells
-the algebraic summation of potentials from different areas of input, usually on the dendrites

A

spatial summation

20
Q

high frequency of action potentials in the presynaptic neuron elicits postsynaptic potentials that overlap and summate with each other. The effect is generated by a single neuron as a way of achieving action potential.

A

temporal summation

21
Q

ganglia are formed by

A

a conglometate of cell bodies

22
Q

tracts are formed by

A

axons

23
Q

sensory information to brain from SC

A

sensory or afferent or ascending axons

24
Q

motor info to periphery from brain

A

motor or efferent or descending

25
Q

what is made of white matter

A

myelin
axons
tracts

26
Q

what is made of grey matter

A

cell bodies

nuclei

27
Q

what spinal cord segment does not have the middle horn?

A

lumbar or thoracic

28
Q

important white matter areas of the cerebrum

A

corpus callosum

internal capsule

29
Q

largest bundle of commissural fibers connecting L and R hemisphere

A

corpus callosum
“=”
-made of white matter

30
Q

projection fibers that descend from brain, to the brainstem and SC; or ascend from lower centers to the cerebral cortex

A

internal capsule
“V”
-made of white matter

31
Q

important grey matter areas of the cerebrum

A

cerebral cortex
basal ganglia
thalamus

32
Q

the biggest ganglia of all

A

thalamus

33
Q

other terms for cell bodies in a big group

A

nucleus, ganglion, body

34
Q

other terms for bundles of axons

A

fasciculus, funiculus, lemniscus, peduncle, tract, nerve

35
Q

other words for depression

A

fissure, sulcus; sulci

36
Q

other words for ridge;ridges

A

gyrus, gyri

37
Q

what comprises the limbic system

A
  1. cingulate sulcus and gyrus
  2. parahippocampal gyrus
  3. uncus
  4. isthmas
  5. amygdala
38
Q

what are the basic functions of the frontal lobe

A
emotional control
story of Phineas Gauge story
executive function (planning, thinking things through, waiting your turn)
decision making
plan and execute language and movement
39
Q

what are the basic functions of the parietal lobe

A
ensory (dermatomes, mechanical sensations of the body)
spatial perception 
meaning out of what we see
receives and processes sensory
auditory
personality movement
40
Q

what are the basic functions of the occipital lobe

A

vision

41
Q

what are the basic functions of the temporal lobe

A

receiving and understanding speech and language
memory
facial recognition (shared with parietal and occipital lobes)

42
Q

what are the basic functions of the limbic system

A

emotional control
memory
survival related drive

43
Q

what part of the brain responds to disgusting and unpleasant expereinces

A

anterior region of insular lobe

44
Q

what part of the brain responds to negative feelings, foul odors, lousy/unfair deals

A

insular lobe

45
Q

what lobe is pathologically involved in Schizophrenia, dementia, and Huntington’s disease

A

Insular lobe

46
Q

regulates compositoin of fluid bathing neurons and glial cells (aka CSF)

A

ventricular system

47
Q

where is the ventricular system located

A

bilaterally in cortex

-midline in brainstem and SC

48
Q

what hemisphere is dominant for language most of the time

A

left

49
Q

what is the right hemisphere dominant for

A

spatial perception