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CR12340 > Question 1 > Flashcards

Question 1 Flashcards

1
Q

If you have more testosterone what are you said to be

A

More aggressive

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2
Q

What levels of serotonin creates aggressiveness

A

Low

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3
Q

How does serotonin lead to more aggressive behaviour

A

By inhibiting responses to stimuli that may lead to aggressive behaviour

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4
Q

Who did the study on testosterone

A

Dabbs

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5
Q

What did dabbs do

A

Found criminals with higher levels of testosterone had a history of mainly violent crimes

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6
Q

what year was Dabbs

A

1987

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7
Q

who did the study on serotonin

A

Mann

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8
Q

what year did mann do the study in

A

1990

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9
Q

what did Mann do

A

gave subjects a drug known to deplete serotonin. Using questionnaires to assess aggression levels, he found increased aggression

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10
Q

who did the study on MAOA

A

Brunner

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11
Q

when did Brunner do the study

A

1993

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12
Q

What did Brunner do

A

studied a Dutch family who had low levels of MAOA and found that they were also violent

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13
Q

what does MAOA do

A

regulates the metabolism of serotonin

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14
Q

what are the 3 learning theories

A

social learning theory
operant conditioning
classical conditioning

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15
Q

Who and what year was SLT

A

Bandura 1977

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16
Q

What does SLT say behaviour is learned through

A

social imitation and copying

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17
Q

Bandura suggested 3 things for aggression to take place

A

observation
mental representation
maintenance through direct experience

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18
Q

observation

A

watching an aggressive behaviour

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19
Q

mental representation

A

form mental representations, then represent possible rewards and punishments for their aggressive behaviour in terms of expectations of future outcomes when appropriate opportunities arise, the behaviour is shown as long as the rewards are higher than the punishments

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20
Q

maintenance through direct experience

A

did the child get rewarded or punished

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21
Q

what did Bandura do

A

used a 5 foot inflatable doll, children watched adults either be aggressive with the doll or not. Children were then taken into another room filled with toys, they were not permitted to play with the toys hence frustration was created. The children were then taken into another room filled with toys inc the Bobo doll.

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22
Q

what did Bandura find

A

children witnessing aggressive adults would behave in a similar way
Those watching non-aggressive adults tended to have lower levels of aggression than the control group
Children copied adults of the same-sex
Males tended to be more aggressive because society has always tolerated violent behaviour more than females

23
Q

what are issues with banduras study

A

demand characteristics
lacks validity
unethical
must consider personality and already levels of aggression

24
Q

what are the 2 further rearches for Bandura

A

media crime

boxing match

25
Q

who did media crime and when

A

Troseth 2003

26
Q

who did boxing match and when

A

phillips 1983

27
Q

what is classical conditioning

A

a neutral stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus that elicits an unconditioned response. The neutral stimulus becomes the conditioned stimulus and elicits the conditioned response

28
Q

who and when did classical conditioning

A

pavlov 1902

29
Q

example of classical conditioning

A

an unconditioned stimulus is food
a unconditioned response is salivation and a neutral stimulus is bell.
The bell is presented with the food and creates saliva, the dog learns bell predicts arrival of food, when bell rings salivation occurs

30
Q

what is extinction

A

unlearn the association

conditioned stimulus is presented without the unconditioned response

31
Q

what is generalisation

A

similar sounds to the bell may elicit the same response

32
Q

what are the 4 things that could occur in classical conditioning

A

extinction
generalisation
spontaneous recovery
discrimination

33
Q

what is spontaneous recovery

A

partial display of association after extinction

34
Q

what is discrimination

A

learner begins to recognise differences in similar stimulus

35
Q

who and when thought of operant conditioning

A

skinner 1948

36
Q

what is operant conditioning

A

a behaviour is reinforced and hence more likely to occur

37
Q

what is positive reinforcement

A

adding a desirable stimulus e.g getting a hug

38
Q

what is a negative reinforcement

A

removing an aversive stimulus e.g fastening a seat belt to stop the beeping

39
Q

explain the skinner box

positive reinforcement

A

the box which a rat is kept in has a lever on the side which when pressed drops a food pellet immediately. The rat learns to go to the level anytime it wants food. The food acts as a positive reinforcer

40
Q

explain the skinner box

negative reinforcement

A

a rat was put in a box where it was subjected to an electric current and discomfort was caused. when the rat pressed the level. the electric current stopped. The rat continuously went to the lever.
pressing the lever was the negative reinforcer

41
Q

what is punishment

A

aversive event that decreases the behaviour

42
Q

how does punishment work 2

A

applying an unpleasant stimulus

removing a rewarding stimulus

43
Q

what 2 reasons are there for punishment not working

A

behaviour return if punishment isnt applied consistently

doesnt tel you what to do only what not to do

44
Q

what are 2 positives of operant conditioning

A

explains learnt behaviour

practical application as its used in classrooms

45
Q

what are 2 negatives of operant

A

doesnt take into account genes

done on animals so cannot generalise

46
Q

where in the brain is the behaviour section

A

frontal lobe

47
Q

what is the biological approach

A

driven by genetics and a person’s biological make up. By using twin and adoption studies we can see the effects of genetics on behaviour

48
Q

when and what

joseph

A

2001-twin studies

32 MZ twins reared apart, for adult antisocial behaviour there was a high level of heritability involved

49
Q

when and what

coccaro

A

1997 twin studies

50% of the variance of aggression towards others came from genetic factors

50
Q

when and what

christiansen

A

twin 1968

MZ twins found a 35.8% concordance rate in male twins and a 12.3% in female

51
Q

when and what

hutchings and mednick

A

1977 adoption

boys with criminal biological fathers were more likely to be criminal

52
Q

when and what

tehrani and mednick

A

2000
compared to a control group, adopted individuals who were born to incarcerated females had a higher rate of criminal convictions as adults

53
Q

ORDER

A 
intro
SLT
NATURE V NURTURE
GENETICS 
joseph
CONTRAST
operant 
animals neg)
GENES
cannot generalise
can generalise classical
little albert
scientific 
LIKE GENES
last twin and adoption studies

CR12340 (2 decks)

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