Nucleotides are formed from:
amino acids
ribose
formate
CO2
Role of nucleotides
- Precursors to Nucleic Acids
- Energy Stores (metabolism)
- Enzymic effectors
- Group transfer reactions
- Physiological mediators (i.e. cAMP)
- Metabolite activation (UDP-glucose)
Nitrogenous bases that exclusively secrete beta-alanine
Uracil and Cytosine
Nitrogenous bases that exclusively secrete aminoisobutyrate
Thymine
Nitrogenous bases that exclusively secrete uric acid
Adenine and guanine
Deoxyribonucleotides Formation
NDPR (nucleoside diphosphate reductase or
ribonucleotide reductase reaction)
- Required for ______________synthesis
- Made from corresponding ribonucleotides via ______________ at # __________pos.
- Uses _________as reductant
DNA
reduction; 2
NADPH
Purine synthesis may be considered to occur in three phases:
- Formation of IMP
- Conversion of IMP —–> GMP
- Conversion of IMP —–> AMP
GOUT CONT’D
- Enzyme abnormalities
a. ______________- deficiency
b. _____________ deficiency
c. _____________ variants - Treatment
a. alleviate ____________ episodes
b. alleviate _______________
glucose 6-phosphatase
HGPRTase
PRPP synthetase
arthritic
hyperuricemia
Synthesis of PRPP
PRPP used for::
_____________
____________
____________
____________
Inhibited by::
________________
______________
____________
Stimulated by _____
Ribose 5-Phos is from ___________
Syn of purines
Syn of pyrimidines
Syn of NAD
Salvage of nucleotide bases
dinucleotides
ADP
2,3-bisphosphoglycerate
Pi
HMS
Nucleoside diphosphate reductase reaction
Reduction requires three proteins:
_____________
___________
_____________
Reduction of each
Substrate is regulated
By __________
a. NDPR
b. Thioredoxin red.
c. Thioredoxin
NTPs
______________, exclusive product of thymine degradation, is important in monitoring effectiveness of cancer treatment
Beta-aminoisbutyrate
SYNTHESIS OF THYMIDINE NUCLEOTIDES
- MTX inhibits ________________________
- ________________ Is a target in the treatment of cancer & Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP)
- 5’-Flourouracil Inhibits __________
Dihydrofolate reductase
Dihydrofolate reductase
thymidylate synthase