Pulmonary Vascular Disease Flashcards Preview

N202 Unit 3 Exam 4 > Pulmonary Vascular Disease > Flashcards

Flashcards in Pulmonary Vascular Disease Deck (28)
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1
Q

Diet Cor Pulmonale

A

Low Na+
Fluid Restrictions
Small Frequent Meals

2
Q

Blockage obstructs blood supply to lung tissue, ↑ RV workload, ↓ perfusion to lung

A

PE

3
Q

Most Common Cause of PE

A

DVT

Greater risk of above knee clots embolizing (iliofemoral vein)

4
Q

Risk factors for DVT (Triad)

A

Venous stasis
Endothelial injury
Hypercoagulability

5
Q

Cause Hypercoagulability

A

deficiency in antithrombin III, protein C - protein S, dehydration

6
Q
  1. Recent central venous instrumentation
  2. Venous insufficiency
  3. Stroke*
  4. Pregnancy
  5. Maglignant neoplasms*
  6. Prior DVT *
  7. Right ventricular failure
  8. Paralysis*
A

Increased risk for DVT

7
Q
Immobility * 
Atherosclerosis 
Obesity*
Estrogens
Surgery or trauma*
History of heavy smoking*
Sepsis
Hypertension
A

Increased risk for DVT

8
Q
Sudden onset dyspnea 
Feeling anxious 
Tachypnea
Tachycardia 
Low PaCO2
A

PE

9
Q
Shock 
Pallor 
Severe dyspena 
Crushing chest pain 
Pulse rapid and weak or PEA
Low BP
A

Massive PE

10
Q

50% obstruction

A

cor pulmonale results

11
Q

60 % obstruction

A

death

12
Q
Crushing chest pain 
Pulse rapid and weak or PEA
Low BP
Shock 
Pallor 
Severe dyspena 
ECG: shows right ventricular strain
A

Massive PE

13
Q

CXR PE

A

not Dx for PE

14
Q

Chest CT PE

A

most frequently used

Reveals pulmonary abnormalities

15
Q

Most specific, but MOST risk
Use cath and dye
Rarely used to Dx PE

A

Pulmonary Angiography

16
Q

PaO2< 35mmHg

A

PE ABGs

17
Q

ECG DVT/PE

A

NOT Dx

18
Q

Inferior vena cava filters

A

Greenfield
Gunther Tulip
Tx PE esp w/ DVT

19
Q

Bed Rest post DVT

A

Bedrest 2-3d

20
Q
Hyperventilation 
Hypoxemia 
Atelectasis  
Pulm. infarcts at site of injury/necrosis
Right heart failure  
Hemorrhage
Pleural effusion
Pulm. HTN
A

Complications of PE

21
Q

entry of air into venous system as result of trauma or iatrogenic complications

A

Venous air embolism (VAE)

22
Q

lead to inflammatory changes in pulmonary vessels: direct endothelial damage, accumulation of platelets, fibrin, neutrophils, and lipid droplets

A

Venous Air Embolism

23
Q

VAE results in

A

right ventricular dysfunction and pulmonary injury

24
Q

½ ml air in L coronary artery

A

can cause V fib

25
Q

2-3 mL of air into cerebral circulation

A

can be fatal

26
Q

S/S VAE

A
Dyspnea
Chest pain & Tachycardia
Hypotension
Altered sensorium
Circulatory shock or sudden death (patients with severe VAE)
27
Q

VAE Severity of S/S related to

A

degree of air entry

28
Q

VAE Positioning

A

Trendelenburg position-rotate toward left lateral decubitus position