Pulmonary Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Who is Asthma most prevalent in?

A
  • Children

- Females

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are reliever drugs used for in asthma cases?

A
  • Short acting

- Less severe cases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What type of drugs are relievers for asthma?

A

-Beta 2 agonist at a minimum dose and frequency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are examples of reliever drugs used for asthma?

A
  • Albuterol

- Salmeterol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What do typical Beta 2 adrenergic agonists end in?

A

-terol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What do corticosteroid drugs typically end in?

A

-sone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What do anti-muscarinic drugs end in?

A

-pium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What do reliever drugs do?

A

-Rapid bronchodilators

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

If a patient is intolerant of B2 agonists are recommended to use what as a reliever?

A

-Ipratropium bromide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the onset and length of the effect of albuterol as a reliever drug for asthma?

A
  • Rapid onset

- 4-6 hr effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the onset and length of the effect of salmeterol as a reliever drug for asthma?

A
  • Slower onset

- 12 hrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How do use a controller drug for asthma?

A
  • Take regularly for long-term stable control
  • Inhaled
  • Must be taken continuously
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the only true rescue inhaler?

A

Albuterol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the MOA of reliever drugs used for asthma?

A

-Directly relax airway smooth muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the side effects of asthma controller drugs?

A
  • Nose bleeds
  • Sores in nose, mouth, and tongue that don’t heal
  • Oropharngeal candidiasis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the drugs of choice for moderate to sever asthma?

A

-Corticosteroids (fluticasone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What do you often combine with corticosteroid (controller) asthma drugs?

A

-Beta 2 agonists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the MOA for the corticosteroids?

A
  • Not a bronchodilator

- Anti-inflammatory and immune modifier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is a corticosteroid drugs used for asthma?

A

-Fluticasone (Flovent)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Do you use corticosteroid for rescue in asthma?

A

-No

21
Q

What are methylxanthine drugs used for asthma?

A

-Theophylline (found in tea)

22
Q

what is the MOA of Methylxanthine drugs?

A
  • Phosphodiesterase inhibitor and increases cAMP

- Relaxes airway smooth muscle

23
Q

What are methylxanthine drugs use for in asthma?

A

-Monotherapy for mild asthma

24
Q

What do you often combine Methylxanthine drugs with and why?

A

-Corticosteroids to reduce steroid doses and side effects

25
Q

What does Theophylline (Elixophyllin) do for COPD?

A

-Improve diaphragmatic fatigue

26
Q

What are some antimuscarinics used in asthma?

A

-Ipratropium

27
Q

What do antimuscarinics do?

A
  • Reverses contraction of smooth muscle from vagal activity

- Blocks ACh

28
Q

What is usually a backup for beta 2 agonists used for asthma?

A

-Antimuscarinics

29
Q

T/F Ipratropium is effective for COPD

A

False

-It is not

30
Q

What are leukotriene modifers drugs used for asthma?

A

-Montelukast (Singulair)

31
Q

What is Singulair (Montelukast) used for?

A

-Prophylaxis for pt who have trouble with inhaled therapies

32
Q

What is the MOA for Montelukast?

A

-Block leukotriene

33
Q

What is especially effective for aspirin-induced asthma?

A

-Montelukast (singular)

34
Q

What are Mast Cell stabilizer drugs used for asthma?

A

-Cromolyn

35
Q

What does Cromolyn do?

A
  • Prevention by inhibiting the release of inflammatory mediator such as histamine
  • Use before exervise and allergen exposure)
36
Q

What does Omalizumab do?

A

-Inhibit IgE binding to mast cells

37
Q

When do you use Omalizumab?

A
  • For severe non-responsive asthma

- Very Expensive

38
Q

Asthmatics tend to be mouth breathers, what does that lead to?

A

-Dry mouth

39
Q

T/F Asthma inhalers irritate mucosa of mouth, especially back of roof of mouth

A

True

40
Q

What are the causes of COPD?

A
  • Long smoking history
  • Exposure to environmental irritants
  • Airflow limitations due to progressive, irreversible airway remodeling
41
Q

What drugs do you use to treat COPD?

A
  • Tiotropium bromide (Spireva)
  • Salmeterol
  • Theophylline with glucocorticoids
42
Q

Does Tiotropium bromide (spireva) cause bronchodilation?

A

-Yes, it is a longer acting bronchodilator

43
Q

What is the treatment for Influenza?

A
  • Oseltamivir (Tamiflu)

- Used for prevention of Influenza A and B

44
Q

What does Oseltamivir do?

A

-Prevents separation of virus particle from cell receptors stopping viral spread

45
Q

What are the symptoms of allergic reactions?

A
  • Itching
  • Hives
  • Sneezing
  • Wheezing
  • Difficulty breathing
46
Q

In allergic reactions what does the release of histamine from mast cells and basophils do?

A
  • Contract pulmonary smooth muscles
  • Dilate blood vessels lowering BP
  • Increase permeability of vessels
  • Increases gastric secretion
47
Q

What antihistamines do you use to treat an allergic reaction?

A
  • Dephnhydramine (Benadryl)

- Chlorpheniramine

48
Q

Why would you use epinephrine in an allergic reaction?

A
  • It is a potent reversal

- Vasoconstricts and reduces fluid in lungs so breathing improves and swelling reduces

49
Q

What is an anti-smoking medication?

A
  • Nicotine replacement therapy

- Buproprion (TTC antidepressant)