Psychotropic Drugs Flashcards Preview

Psychiatry > Psychotropic Drugs > Flashcards

Flashcards in Psychotropic Drugs Deck (26)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

What are the common adverse effects of antidepressants?

A

GIT symptoms, sedation, dizziness, weight gain, sexual dysfunction, headaches, insomnia, anxiety

2
Q

What are the adverse effects of clozapine?

A

Specific: agranulocytosis, myocarditis
General: weight gain, sedation, EPSE, tardive dyskinesia, prolactinaemia

3
Q

What are the adverse effects of benzodiazepines?

A

Sedation, poor coordination, decreased libido, hypotension, suppressed breathing, memory loss, tolerance, dependence, addiction

4
Q

What are the features of neuroleptic malignant syndrome and how is it treated?

A
F - Fever
A - Autonomic Dysfunction
R - Rigidity
M - Mental State Change
Treatment: cessation of antipsychotics +/- admission to ICU
5
Q

What are the features of serotonin syndrome and how is it treated?

A

Cognitive: confusion, hypomania, hallucinations
Autonomic: hyperthermia, sweating/shivering, increased HR, dilated pupils, dry mouth
Neuromuscular: tremor, hypertonia, hyperreflexia, ataxia, seizures

6
Q

Which commonly used atypical antipsychotic is associated with high rates of hyperprolactinaemia?

A

Risperidone, Paliperidone

7
Q

Which commonly used atypical antipsychotic is unlikely to cause weight gain?

A

Aripiprazole

8
Q

Which commonly used atypical antipsychotics are associated with a high risk of weight gain?

A

Olanzapine + Clozapine

9
Q

Which commonly used atypical antipsychotics are non-sedating?

A

Aripiprazole

Risperidone

10
Q

What is the difference between MOAIs used in Parkinson’s Disease and those used to treat depression?

A

MOAI Type B (e.g. selegeline) used in PD to increased DA levels
Nonselective MAOI used in depression to increase DA and serotonin (e.g. tranylcypromine)

11
Q

Which medication is used to treat serotonin syndrome?

A

Cyproheptadine (serotonin antagonist)

12
Q

What are EPSEs?

A

A - Akasthesia (restlesssness)
A - Acute dystonias
P - Parkinsonism (tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, apathy)
T - Tardive dyskinesia

13
Q

How can akasthesia be treated?

A

Benzodiazepine, beta-blocker
Reduce dose
Change agent

14
Q

How can antipsychotic-induced Parkinsonism be treated?

A

Benztropine (anticholinergic)
Amantadine (MAOI-A + NMDA blocker)
Reduce dose
Change agent

15
Q

How do serotonin syndrome and NMS present differently?

A

SS (<24 hours): dilated pupils, hyperreflexia, myoclonus, tremor, hyperactive bowel sounds
NMS (days-weeks): hyporeflexia, rigidity (sluggish)

16
Q

What is the treatment for alcohol withdrawal?

A

Diazepam

17
Q

Which benzodiazepine can be given to treat acute aggression or anxiety?

A

Lorazepam (oxazepam if hepatic impairment present)

18
Q

Which benzodiazepine can be used for chemical restraint?

A

Midazolam

19
Q

Which benzodiazepam can be used to aid sleep?

A

Tamazepam

20
Q

What medications can be used to treat Alzheimer’s Disease?

A
Cholinesterase Inhibitors (donepezil, galantine, rivastigmine) for MMSE >10
NMDA Antagonists (memantine) for MMSE 10-14
21
Q

What are the adverse effects of lithium?

A

L - Leg swelling (secondary to renal problems)
I - Indigestion / GI complaints
T - Tremor, toxicity, thirst
H - Hypothyroidism
I - Interactions (diuretics, NSAIDs, ACEI, ARB)
U - Urinary excess (polyuria)
M - Metallic taste, mums-to-be (teratogenic)

22
Q

What are the clinical features of lithium toxicity?

A
(similar to alcohol intoxication)
F - Fatigue
A - Ataxia
S - Slurred speech
T - Tremor, thirst
C - Confusion
N - Nausea + vomiting
S - Seizurea
23
Q

What medications can be used as an adjunct in alcohol dependence?

A

Naltrexone: opioid receptor antagonist
Acamprosate (campral): NMDA blocker, GABA A antagonist
Disulfiram (antabuse): inhibits acetaldehyde dehydrogenase

24
Q

What medications can be given to reduce nicotine dependence?

A
  • Nicotine replacement therapy
  • Verenicline (champix): blocks nicotine receptors
  • Bupropion
  • TCAs (nortryptiline)
25
Q

What are the physical effects of cocaine intoxication?

A
Fever (up to 41 degrees)
Dilated pupils
Tachycardia and hypertension
Agitation and aggression
Muscle twitches and tremors
Muscle rigidity and hyperreflexia
Cardiac arrhythmias
26
Q

Which antidepressants may also improve insomnia?

A

Mirtazepine
Venlafaxine
Clomipramine (TCA)