Psycho 104 - Ch. 3 Flashcards
<p><p>Neurons do WHAT two important things?</p></p>
<p><p>1) Generate electricity that creates nerve impulses
2) Release chemicals that allow Neurons to communicate (Neurotransmitters)</p></p>
<p><p>Myeline Sheath</p></p>
<p><p>A fatty, whitish layer that is basically insulation that is derived of glial cells during development </p></p>
<p><p>Nodes of Ranvier</p></p>
<p><p>where the myelin is either extremely thin or absent</p></p>
<p><p>What are Neurotransmitters </p></p>
<p><p>Chemical substances that carry messages across the synapse to either excite other Neurons, or inhibit their firing</p></p>
<p><p>What are the 5 stages of Chemical Communication?</p></p>
<p><p>Synthesis
Storage
Release
Binding
Deactivation</p></p>
<p><p>What do Excitatory Neurotransmitters do? </p></p>
<p><p>Depolaraize neurons membrane
Increases likelihood of action potential</p></p>
<p><p>What do Inhibitory Neurotransmitters do? </p></p>
<p><p>Hyperpolarizes neuron's membrane
Decreases likelihood of action potential</p></p>
<p><p>What are the Major Neurons in the Nervous System? </p></p>
<p><p>Sensory Neurons
-Carry input messages from the sense organs to the spinal cord and brain
Motor Neurons
-Transmit output impulses from the brain and the spinal cord to the body's muscles and organs
Interneurons
-Perform connective or associative functions within the nervous system</p></p>
<p><p>What are the basic parts of a neuron?</p></p>
<p><p>Cell body (Soma)
Dendrites
Axon (Or nerve fibers)
Axon terminal </p></p>
<p><p>What are the 3 major neurons in the Nervous system? </p></p>
<p><p>Sensory Neurons
-Carry input messages from the sense organs to the spinal cord and brain
Motor Neurons
-Transmit output impulses from the brain and the spinal cord to the body's muscles and organs
Interneurons
-Perform connective or associative functions within the nervous system</p></p>
<p><p>In the Peripheral Nevous System, what are the two major divsions? </p></p>
<p><p>Somatic system
-Volunary muscle movement/activation
Autonomic System
-Controls smooth muscle, cardiac, and clands, unvoluntary movement</p></p>
<p><p>What are the two major divions in the Autonomic system? </p></p>
<p><p>Sympathetic
-Fight or flight (Generally excitatory, activates)
Parasympathetic
-Feed and breed (Generally inhibits) relaxation</p></p>
<p><p>The sympathetic and parasympathetic system work together to achieve what?</p></p>
<p><p>Homeostasis - Regulation within your body etc that you dont have mental and voluntary control over</p></p>
<p><p>The central nervous system consists of what?</p></p>
<p><p>Spinal Cord and Brain
Spinal Cord
-Connects most parts of the PNS with the brain
-Most nerves enter and leave the CNS via the spinal cord
SPINAL REFLEXES: cna be triggered at the level of the spinal cord without any involvement from the brain
Brain
-Extremely complex structure, demands a huge amount of bodily resources (Oxygen)
</p></p>
<p><p>What are the 3 methods for Viewing the Structure and Functions of the brain? </p></p>
<p><p>Postmortem Studies
- Ideal method is to study a person during their lifetime (Document and observe)
- After the patient dies, the brain can be extracted to check for LESIONS (Areas where the tissue has been damaged, such as from injury or disease
Studying Live non-human animals
-To undrestand the psysiological processes of the brain, scientists turn to animals
,vivo reasearch (such as single cell recording work), lesion studies, and genetic manipulation
Studying live humans (Surgery, and brain imaging)
- You can cut the corpus callum to cure epilepsy
- And prefrontal labotomy surgery</p></p>