Psy 421 Ch 5 Flashcards Preview

MS Behavior Analysis > Psy 421 Ch 5 > Flashcards

Flashcards in Psy 421 Ch 5 Deck (27)
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1
Q

Of several responses made to the same situation, those which are accompanied or closely followed by satisfaction to the animal will, other things being equal, be more firmly connected with the situation, so that, when it recurs, they will be more likely to recur.

A

The law of effect

2
Q

Essentially what is the law of effect

A

Behavior is a function of its consequences.

3
Q

Operant learning

A

Behavior is weakened or strengthened by its consequences

4
Q

An increase in strength of behavior due to its consequences.

A

Reinforcement

5
Q
  1. Behavior must have consequences
  2. Behavior must occur more often
  3. The increase in frequency must be a result of consequences
A

Cantania’s 3 characteristics reinforcement must have

6
Q

When a behavior is followed by the adding of a stimulus

A

Positive reinforcement

7
Q

When a behavior is followed by the removal of a stimulus

A

Negative reinforcement

8
Q

An operant training procedure in which performance of the behavior defines the end of a trial

A

Discrete trial

9
Q

An operant training procedure in which a behavior may be repeated any number of times

A

Free operant

10
Q

Any reinforcer that is not dependent on another reinforcer for its reinforcing properties

A

Primary reinforcer

11
Q

Any reinforcer that has acquired its reinforcing properties through its association with other reinforcers.

A

Secondary reinforcers

12
Q

Systematically reinforcing successive approximations of a desired behavior

A

Shaping

13
Q

A series of related behaviors, the last of which produces reinforcement.

A

Chaining

14
Q

The degree of correlation between a a behavior and its consequences.

A

Contingency

15
Q

General rule for contiguity

A

The shorter the contiguity the faster learning occurs

16
Q

Momentarily alters the effectiveness of the reinforcer

A

MO AKA EO

17
Q

The neural pathways believed to be associated with positive reinforcement

A

Reward pathways

18
Q

Transmits an impulse from one neuron to another. It also produces a natural “high”

A

Dopamine

19
Q

Discounting reinforcement from a previously reinforced behavior which decreases the probability of similar responses under similar conditions.

A

Extinction

20
Q

A sudden increase in a behavior after it was extinguished.

A

Spontaneous recovery

21
Q

The reappearance during extinction of a previously reinforced behavior

A

Resurgence

22
Q

An sudden increase in the rate of behavior during the early stages of extinction

A

Extinction burst

23
Q

Three major theories of positive reinforcement

A
  1. Jill’s drive-reduction theory
  2. Relative value theory/premack
  3. Response deprivation theory
24
Q

Theory of reinforcement that considers reinforcers to be behaviors rather than stimuli and that attributes a reinforcer’s effectiveness to its probability relative to other behaviors.

A

Relative value theory

25
Q

The observation that high-probability behaviors reinforce low-probability behaviors

A

Premack principle

26
Q

The theory of reinforcement that says a behavior is reinforcing to the extent that the organism has been deprived of performing the behavior.

A

Response deprivation theory

27
Q

Response deprivation theory says that the relative value of one reinforcer to another is not vital; what is vital is the extent to which each behavior occurs below its baseline

A

Difference between response deprivation theory and relative value theory.

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