Proteins: Structure and Function

Question 1

What was the role of Swedish scientist Jons Jacob Berzelius in the discovery of proteins?

Answer 1

Berzelius was one of the first to investigate the chemical composition of proteins.

Question 2

How did the word “protein” come into existence?

Answer 2

Swedish scientist Berzelius coined the word protein in 1838, from the Greek word, protease, meaning pre-eminent, in recognition to the major role that they played in living organisms.

Question 3

Large protein molecules that catalyze numerous reactions occurring in the biological world are called ________.

Answer 3

Enzymes

Question 4

True or False: Enzymes are proteins.

Answer 4

True

Question 5

True or False: Hemoglobin is a protein.

Answer 5

True

Question 6

Which protein carries iron in the blood?

Answer 6

Transferrin

Question 7

Which protein transports oxygen in the blood to all the tissues and organs in the body?

Answer 7

hemoglobin

Question 8

True or False: Transport proteins can be found in blood and cell membranes.

Answer 8

True

Question 9

What do transport proteins in cell membranes do?

Answer 9

They carry molecules like glucose and dopamine or ions (sodium, potassium, calcium, chloride) from one side of a plasma membrane to the other.

Question 10

Coordinated motion, such as that exhibited by muscles, relies on the cooperative interaction of two proteins, _______ and _________.

Answer 10

actin and myosin

Question 11

This is a type of protein that provides strength and support to various tissues and organs.

Answer 11

Collagen

Question 12

These are two types of proteins found in cells that give the cells their shape and integrity.

Answer 12

actin and tubulin

Question 13

True or False: Antibodies are not proteins.

Answer 13

False. Antibodies are proteins.

Question 14

Name the six amino acids that are classified as “aliphatic”.

Answer 14

Glycine, Alanine, Leucine, Isoleucine, Valine, and Proline

Question 15

What are aliphatic amino acids?

Answer 15

Their “R” groups are non polar and hydrophobic.

Question 16

The amino acids that have D or R configurations are mostly confined to ____________.

Answer 16

Microorganisms

Question 17

What is the configuration of virtually all amino acids found in nature?

Answer 17

S in RS nomenclature
L in Fischer Projection
S and L mean the same thing

Question 18

19/20 amino acids are chiral. Which amino acid is the sole exception? Why?

Answer 18

Glycine because its “R” group is a hydrogen atom.

Question 19

________ is converted to thrombin and then to fibrin.

Answer 19

prothrombin

Question 20

hemostasis requires a protein called ______, which constitutes the blood clot.

Answer 20

firbin

Question 21

What is hemostasis?

Answer 21

Blood coagulation

Question 22

Proteins that enhance or repress gene activity are called _________.

Answer 22

Signaling proteins

Question 23

Give an example of an intracellular receptor.

Answer 23

Estrogen receptor (All steroidal hormone receptors)

Question 24

Two types of cell surface receptors that were discussed in lecture include ________ and _______.

Answer 24

insulin receptors and dopamine receptors

Question 25

Insulin and parathyroid hormone are examples of this type of protein.

Answer 25

Signaling proteins called hormones

Question 26

These 3 types of proteins act as signaling molecules.

Answer 26

• Hormones
• Cell surface receptors
• Intracellular receptors

Question 27

The body’s immune system relies on those proteins.

Answer 27

Antibodies

Question 28

Which protein provides strength and support to various tissues and organs?

Answer 28

Collagen

Question 29

These proteins provide structural support and give cells their shape and integrity.

Answer 29

Actin and tubulin

Question 30

Where are transport proteins often found?

Answer 30

• blood

- cell membrane

Question 31

This protein transports oxygen in the blood to all the tissues and organs in the body.

Answer 31

Hemoglobin

Question 32

This is a transport protein that carries iron in the blood.

Answer 32

Transferrin

Question 33

what, aside from enzymes, can catalyze reactions in the cell?

Answer 33

RNA molecules called ribozymes

Question 34

Large proteins that catalyze the numerous reactions occurring in the biological world are called _______.

Answer 34

Enzymes

Question 35

What does the Greek word “protease” mean?

Answer 35

Pre-eminent

Question 36

Who is the Swedish scientist that coined the term protein

Answer 36

Jons Jacob Berzelius