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Reproductive > Prostate Pathology > Flashcards

Prostate Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

4 components of glandular compartment of prostate

A

peripheral, central, transitional, periurethral

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2
Q

non glandular compartments of prostate

A

anterior fibromuscular stroma, preprostatic sphincter

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3
Q

the ____ is anteriorly concave

A

urethra

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4
Q

The ejaculatory duct passes through the ____ zone.

A

central

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5
Q

The prostatic urethra passes through the ____ zone

A

transitional zone

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6
Q

70-80% of prostate cancers arise from the ____ zone

A

peripheral

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7
Q

T/F Some prostatic cancers arise in the central zone.

A

F –> cancers do not arise in central zone…only secondarily involved

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8
Q

Benign prostatic hyperplasia localizes to the ___ zone which is also where ____ % of cancers arise

A

transition and 10-20%

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9
Q

2 layers of prostatic duct lobules

A

secretory cells (cuboidal/columnar) and basal cells

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10
Q

nodular prostate enlargement due to cellular proliferations of prostatic glands and stroma associated with lower urinary tract symptoms LUTS

A

BPH

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11
Q

LUTS

A

BPH

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12
Q

Pathophysiology of BPH

A

cellular accumulation of testosterone (especially DHT) and some estrogen; risk factors = age and family history

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13
Q

Most common cause of non-cancerous rise in PSA

A

BPH

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14
Q

Tx of BPH

A

alpha andrenergic blocker or 5 alpha reductase inhibitor // surgical is best

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15
Q

Hallmark of BPH

A

suburethral nodular prostatic enlargement –> centered on proximal urethra and involve transitional and submucosal compartment

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16
Q

Which group has highest incidence of prostate carcinoma

A

african americans in us

17
Q

T/F there is a strong association between PCA and diets rich in red meat.

A

T

18
Q

Gold standard for prostate cancer identification

A

needle biopsy

19
Q

Why is most us PCA asymptomatic?

A

early id due to screening by PSA

20
Q

Gold standard for clinical staging of PCA?

A

digital rectal exam (DRE)

21
Q

Symptoms of PCA

A

obstructive bladder symptoms, pelvic pain, bone pain due to mets

22
Q

___ produces PSA

A

prostate epithelium produces prostate specific antigen

23
Q

Cutoff for psa biopsy

A

4 ng/mL

24
Q

role of PSA

A

liquifies semen

25
Q

high/low PSA is associated with more cancer

A

high

26
Q

T/F there is no psa cut off at which a man can be guaranteed to be free of prostate cancer

A

T

27
Q

T/F prostate cancer does not have a reliably gross mass.

A

T –> unless quite large(dense appearance, lack necrosis/hemorrhage, no sharp borders)

28
Q

Architectural features of prostate carcinoma glands

A

small, crowded, rigid lumen, lack basal cells –> determines gleason grading

29
Q

Nuclear/cytoplasmic features of prostate cancer

A

enlarged nuclei, uniform, nonpleomorophic, high mitotic rate

30
Q

Intraluminal features of prostate cancer

A

blue mucin, eosinophlic amorphous secretions, crystalloids, intraluminal necrosis

31
Q

Corpora amylacea vs intraluminal necrosis

A

intraluminal features: benign vs malignant

32
Q

4 pathognomic features of prostate cancer

A

circumferential perineural invasion, collagenous micronodules, glomerulations, growth in adipose tissue

33
Q

Gleason scale

A

1-5 –> the pattern by which glands grow (higher is worse) –>most abundant grade + highest grade + some other factors = score

34
Q

T1 a/b/c stage prostate cancer

A

incidentally found

35
Q

T2 stage prostate cancer

A

a = tumor of <1/2 lobe, b = tumor between 1/2 and 1 lobe, c= tumor of 2 lobes

36
Q

T3 stage prostate cancer

A

invasions into fat (a) or seminal vesicles (b)

37
Q

T4 stage prostate cancer

A

invasion elsewhere

38
Q

Most frequent alteration in prostate cancer oncogenome was loss of _______

A

chromosome 8p

Reproductive (38 decks)

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