prostate cancer Flashcards
1
Q
define prostate cancer?
A
primary malignant neoplasm of the prostate gland
2
Q
what are the risk factors of prostate cancer?
A
o Increasing Age o Obesity o Afro-Caribbean o Family history o Dietary factors o Occupational exposure to cadmium
3
Q
epidemiology of prostate cancer?
A
- COMMON
* 2nd most common cause of male cancer deaths
4
Q
what are the presenting symptoms and signs of prostate cancer?
A
- Often ASYMPTOMATIC
- Lower Urinary Tract Obstruction
- Haematuria
- Pain: back, perineal or testicular
5
Q
how will prostate cancer present on DRE?
A
hard nodular enlargement with a loss of median sulcus
6
Q
how does metastatic spread present?
A
o Bone pain
o Cord compression
o Systemic symptoms
7
Q
initial investigation?
A
PSA
8
Q
gold standard investigation?
A
• Multiparametric MRI Scan
9
Q
causes of raised PSA?
A
- BPH
- 4 weeks post UTI
- Prostatitis
- 48 hours post ejaculation
- 48 hours post exercise
- After urinary retention
- 6 weeks post-surgery
