Properties of Matter Flashcards
Energy, Specific Heat Capacity, Specific Latent Heat, Kinetic Theory, Gas Laws
What is energy?
Energy is the quantitative property that must be transferred to an object in order to perform work on it.
When is work done?
A force is said to do work if there is a movement of the point of application in the direction of the force.
What is gravitational potential energy?
The work done against the force of gravity to lift an object is called gravitational potential energy.
Potential energy formula
E [P] = mgh : where m is the mass, g is the gravitational acceleration and h is the height.
What is kinetic energy?
The work done to accelerate a mass to a certain speed is called kinetic energy. It is the energy of a moving body.
Kinetic energy formula
E [K] = ½ mv² : where m is the mass and v is the velocity.
What is heat capacity?
The heat capacity of a material is the measure of how much heat energy it can absorb.
What is specific heat capacity?
The specific heat capacity of a material is the measure of how much energy is needed to raise the temperature of 1kg of that material by 1°C.
Heat energy formula
E [H] = cmΔt where c is the specific heat capacity (J/kg°C), m is the mass and Δt is the change in temperature.
E [H] = mℓ where m is the mass and ℓ is the specific latent heat.
What is latent heat?
Latent heat is the energy used to change the state of a material. Unit: J/kg.
What is specific latent heat of vaporisation?
The energy required to change 1 kg of liquid at its boiling point to gas without a change in temperature is called specific latent heat of vaporisation.
What is specific latent heat of fusion?
The energy required to change 1 kg of solid at its melting point to liquid without a change in temperature is called specific latent heat of fusion.
What is specific latent heat? [general]
The specific latent heat of a material is the amount of energy required to change the state of 1 kg of that material without changing the temperature.
Describe a solid.
- Particles are tightly packed together.
- Has a fixed shape and volume.
- Cannot be compressed.
Describe a liquid.
- Particles are packed less tightly together so they are not as close.
- Has a fixed volume but no fixed shape.
- Cannot be compressed easily (but compression is possible.
