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Flashcards in Project and Practice Management Deck (50)
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1
Q

advantages of sole proprietorship

A
  • ease of setting up
  • total management control by owner
  • possible tax advantages because business losses and expenses may be deducted from the gross income of the business
2
Q

disadvantages of sole proprietorship

A
  • owner is personally liable for all debts and losses of the company
  • more difficult to raise capital and establish credit unless the owner’s personal credit rating and assets are adequate
  • business may depend on the work and reputation of the owner
3
Q

advantages of a corporation

A

-personal assets of stockholders are not at risk if corporation is sued

4
Q

disadvantages of a corporation

A
  • double taxed
  • initial cost and the continuing paperwork and formal requirements necessary to maintain the business
5
Q

Joint venture

A

a temporary association of two or more persons or firms for the purpose of completing a project

-typically used by architectural firms when a project is too large to be completed by one firm

6
Q

departmenatl organization for a firm

A
  • project moves through the office from one department to another
  • marketing department, design dept., specs dept.,
  • efficient but communication between departments is a challenge
  • departmental organization makes discourages anyone to gain breadth of knowledge
7
Q

studio organization for a firm

A
  • each studio is responsible for completing an entire project
  • projects can be assigned to studios based on their expertise (studio for retail, studio for industrial)
  • type of organization works well with a strong project manager system
  • encourage close immediate conversation among studio members
8
Q

For the architect, there are 3 ways duty is established:

A

1) terms of a contract, whether written or oral
2) legislative enactment, building codes and architectural licensing laws
3) established ny architect’s conduct

9
Q

liability

A

-the legal responsibility for injury or damage to another person or property

10
Q

negligence

A

-the failure to use due care to avoid harming another person or property

11
Q

indemnification clause

A

-past of the contract that attempts to hold harmless both the owner and architect for any damages, claims, or losses resulting from the performance of any work on the project whether by the contracto or others with whom the architect has no contractual relationship

12
Q

copyright protection for an architectural work falls into two categories:

A

1) copyright for drawings, specs, and other pictoral graphical representations of the architect’s work
2) copyright for the building itself

13
Q

The architect informs the owner that because of budget constraints and ceiling heights, the sprinkler piping must be exposed. The owner directs the architect to delete the sprinkler system. Prior to deleting the system, the architect should check the requirements for sprinklers in

A

the building code

14
Q

according to ADA/ABA guidelines, what is the minimum clear floor space for one stationary wheel chair?

A

30 in

The minimum clear floor space required for one stationary wheelcahri is 30 in. This critical dimension is the basis for many other accessibility guidleines.

15
Q

According to the IBC, an assembly occupancy with an occupant load of fewer than 50 persons whould be classified as occuapncy group…

A

…B

An assembly occupancy with an occupant load of fewer than 50 persons woulf be considered a group B occupancy (IBC Sec. 303.1)

16
Q

Which of these events triggered revisions to the building codes?

a) Chicago Fire of 1871
b) San Francisco Earthquake and Fire of 1906
c) the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001
d) all of the above

A

d) all of the above

The biggest changes to the codes tend to follow disasters, when the shortcomings of the previous requirements become apparent

17
Q

In the IBC, occupant load factors are calculated based on the…

A

net gross floor area, depending on the occupancy

  • Occupant load factors are calculated based on either net or gross floor area, depending on the occupancy
  • the area of the space is divided by the area assigned per person.
  • occupant load represents the number of people that the code assumes will occupy a space or building
  • this number is then used to determine egress requirements
18
Q

According to the ADA/ABA, what is the maximum distance an object may protrude into the path of travel when it is mounted to a wall between 27 in and 80 in?

A

4 in

This requirements is intended to minimize onstructions that a person with impaired vision may possibly walk into.

-Obstruction placed lower than 27 in may project more than 4 in as long as other requirements for access are maintained, because a person using a cane can detect the obstructions

19
Q

An office in a non sprnklered building has an occuapncy load of 290. In a non-spronklered building, the IBC requires a minimum exit width of 0.2 in per person based on the occupant load. Which of the following exit door combinations would most minimally meet the exit width required by the IBC?

a) a pair of 30 in entry doors and a 36 in door remotely loacted
b) two 36 in doors on opposite sides of the building
c) three 32 in doors remotely loacted
d) three 36 in doors remotely located from each other

A

b) two 36 in doors on opposite sides of the building, 290 people, by 0.2 in/person

To find the total exit width required, multiply the occupant load

290(0.2)=58 in

Any exit door must provode a clear width of at least 32 in. Three 36 in doors would be acceptable by the question asks for minimal requirements.

20
Q

Which of the following statements about standards and testing are false?

a Trade association standards must be followed by a building code adopted in a jurisdiction

b) the American national Standards Institute (ANSI) does not write standards
c) ASTM International does not perform tests
d) Building codes prescribe which laboratories must perform requried tests

A

d) Building codes prescribe which laboratories must perform requried tests

Building codes only prescrbe which tests and standards a material or construction element must meet in order to be acceptable. Any qualified Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratory (NRTL) may perform a test, as long as the lab follows procedures described in the test

21
Q

Measured vertically from the nosing of the stair, how high must a handrail be for barrier free design?

A

34 in

According to the ADA/ABA, for barrier frre design a bandrail must be 34 in to 38 in high, measured vertically from the nosing of the stair

22
Q

An archtiect has been hired to prepare a design for remodeling toilet room to them accessible. The archiect finds it is impossible to provide adequate clearance on one side of an entrance dooe. What is the most economical course of action?

a) apply to the building department for a hardship exemption because compliance is not really achievable
b) tell the client that walls shouls be demolisehd and the toilet room replanned to privde the necessary clearances
c) specify a power-assisted door openener that meets accessibility standards for the noncompliant door
d) plan for accessbile toilet room in another location in the building where all requirements can be adequately met

A

c) specify a power-assisted door openener that meets accessibility standards for the noncompliant door

23
Q

Which of the following ramp configurations meets barrier free design requirements?

a) 1:14 slope with max rise of 24 in
b) 1:12 slope with max rise of 34 in
c) 1:10 slope with Max rise of 8 in
d) 1:8 slope with max rise of 4 in

A

a) 1:14 slope with max rise of 24 in
- Max slope complying with ADA is 1:12 but the max total rise between landings is 30 in

24
Q

a ramp build with a slope 1:10 is allowed if the rise is no more than…

A

…6 in

25
Q

a ramp build with a slope 1:8 is allowed if the rise is no more than…

A

…3 in or less

26
Q

For aesthetic reasons, the architect’s specs in a bulding project call for a specific method of constrcuting a concrete wall and slab that is not in accordance with normal construction practices. The contractor tells the architect that the contractor believes the specified method will create unsafe conditions. According to AIAI A201, what actions must the contractor take?

A

give written notice to both the owner and architect of the safety concerns, and wait for instruction from the architect.

  • generally, the contractor is soley responsible for the means and methods of construction, unless the contract documents give specific instructions to the contrary
  • if the contractor determines that the specs create and unsafe situation, the contractor must give timely written notice to both the owner and architect of the situation and not proceed with work until architect responds with instructions
  • if contractor is instructied to proceed regardless of the safety concerns, the owner becomes soley responsible for any losses or damages
27
Q

if a GC fails to pay a subcontractor, the subcaontractor can protect its financial interests by using

a. a performance bond
b. a conractor’s affidavit of payment
c. builder’s risk insurance
d. a mechanic’s lien

A

d. a mechanic’s lien
- a mechanic’s lien is a claim by one party against the property of another party for the satisfaction of a debt
- used by a material supplier, subcontracto, or contractor who has a financial interest in the project ro gain payment

28
Q

as an alternative to liens…

A

…a labor and material payment bond can protect the owner against claims by subcontractors and suppliers who are not paid by the GC

-bond gives these parties right to collect payment from the surety (company that issued the bond)

29
Q

according to B101, the architect must prepare cost estimates for the project during what phases?

A

schematic, design development, and construction documents phases

30
Q

When deciding on the types of insurance needed for a project, which of the professionals whould the owner rely on?

A
  • owner should seek advice from his or legal counsel and isurance agent on matter of insurance
  • architect should not give legal advice
  • contractor should only be involved with the various types of insurance that contractors must carry for the project
31
Q

WHich of the following section of the ADA apply to the design and construction of public facilities (choose 2)

a. title I
b. title II
c. titile III
d. title IV
e. title V
f. title VI

A

BC

  • title II (Public Services)
  • title III (Public Accommodations)
32
Q

On a large, privately funded project, the lowest bid is 15% higher than the owern’s original budget, Under the provisions of AIA B101, the owner electsto revise the project scope and quality to reduce the cost. In this case the architect must….

A

modify the contract documents as necessary, without additional compensation, to comply with the budget

33
Q

For the remodelign and renovation of an 1850s church, the archtiect retains the services of a historic preservation consultant using AIA C401. The consultant’s services include developing drawings showing the reapir and anchoring of existing stonework. During construction the contractor discovers that the anchoring methods specified by the consultant violate the local building code and have to be modified at additional cost. The party responsible for the cost of the modifications is…

A

…the consultant

-consultants are responsible for code compliance regarding their area of work and for the accurate production of their drawings

34
Q

according to AIA B101, which of the following services is not part of the architect’s basic services for project closeout?

a. forwarding written warranties to the owner
b. sending a consent of surety to the owner
c. commissioning
d. meeting with the owner to determine the need for facility operation services

A

c. commissioning

35
Q

Which type of architectural services fee structure is preferable when a client is embarking on his or her first architectural project and does not yet have a program?

A
  • multiple of direct personnel expense
  • clients undertaking theur first construction project without a program would spend a great deal of time and the archtiect’s time determining needs and making decisions
  • programming is not considered part of the archtiect’s basic services
  • cost plus fee method, such as a multiple fo direct personnel expense would ensure that no matter how much time was spent on the project, the archtiect would still cover expenses and make a profit
36
Q

Which of the following is false?

a. the architect is responsible for a defect in the work if he or she sees the defect during a site visit but fails to report it to the contractor
b. the owner has the sole right to make changes in the work but must do so through the architect
c. the architect does not have to verify soils test reports given by the owner
d. when the construction documents are almost complete, the architect must update the preliminary estimate of the cost of work

A

a. the architect is responsible for a defect in the work if he or she sees the defect during a site visit but fails to report it to the contractor

37
Q

a common way of evaluating staff productivity in a n architecture firm is to examine

a. direct salary expense
b. the time utilization ratio
c. the net multiplier
d. direct personnel expense

A

c. the net multiplier

net multiplier = net revenue/direct salary expense

  • the net multiplier expresses how many dollars of revenue come into the firm for each dollar paid to employees
  • employees must generate more revenue than their direct salary expense for the firm to conitnue to operate, pay for all indirect expenses, and remain profitable
38
Q

net revenues

A

total amount of revenue generated by the firm’s own forces

-excludes “pass through” income such as consultant’s fees and reimbursable expenses

39
Q

direct salary expense

A

amount paid to the firm’s work force, excluding the value of enefits such as insurance

-direct personnel expense includes the value of benefits

40
Q

time utilization ratio

A

compares the number of hours an emplyee charges to project to the total number of hours for which that employee is compensated

41
Q

affinity

A
  • stupid word used to confuse you
  • means: adjacency; describes the relationship between two functions that are interdependent or need to be in physical proximity to each other
42
Q

full wall schedule

A
  • used to char tthe involvement and responsibilities of all members of the project team
  • techinque requires everyone on the project to work on developing the project schedule
  • facilitates discussion about work tasks, responsibilities, and project deadlines
43
Q

a tort may arise from

a. criminal activity of the architect
b. unauthorized downloading of software
c. negligence of the architect
d. theft of building materials from the project site

A

c. negligence of the architect
- tort is a civil wrong resulting form negligence as opposed to a criminal act

44
Q

which of the following is NOT and advantage of a sole proprietorship?

a. ease of establishment
b. liability is limited to the owner’s investment
c. management control by the owner
d. tax advantages

A

b. liability is limited to the owner’s investment
- a sole proprietor has unlimited liability for negligence or other claims against the company, and is subject to claims on personal property and other areas

45
Q

monitoring architectural fees and percentage of project completion is most often done

a. daily
b. weekly,
c. biweekly
d. monthly

A

b. weekly

46
Q

in AIA G612, there’s a checklist that owners can used to define project requirements as they relate to the general conditions. This firm requests that the owner consult with legal insurance counsel to discuss issues that will be addressed in the supplementary conditions and in the contract documents. This form does not request information about

a. liability insurance requirements
b. design schedule
c. method of procurement
d. equal opportunity requirements

A

b. design schedule

47
Q

drafting supplementary conditions is the responsibility of whom?

A

the owner

48
Q

the municipality in which a project is proposed has extremely stringent zoning regulations. In order to obtain zoning apporval, the municipality’s regulations require the archtiect to submit an extensive set of documents including dimensioned site plans, building elevations, color renderings, exterior material samples, landscape plans, signage details, and documentation demonstration compliance with lighting and stormwater regulations. Under the provisions of a AIA B201, the creation of these documents would most likely be considered..

A

change in services

49
Q

the traditional method of insuring quality by carefully checking documents before they are distributed to the owner or contract is called

A

quality control

50
Q

There are 3 questions an architect must answer at the beginning of a project to determine the permitted size and layout of the building:

A

1) What is the occupancy of this building?
2) What type of fire suppression system will be required
3) What type of construction should be used?