Problem Solving and Decision Making Flashcards Preview

Khan Academy MCAT notes > Problem Solving and Decision Making > Flashcards

Flashcards in Problem Solving and Decision Making Deck (20)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

Method of problem solving:

take random guesses till something finally work

A

trial and error

2
Q

Method of problem solving: Methodical approach with logical step by step procedure

A

Algorithm

3
Q

Method of problem solving/ decision making: Mental shortcuts that allow us to find solutions quicker

A

Heuristics

4
Q

Type of Heuristic: Where you break down main problem into smaller problems

A

Means-end analysis

5
Q

Type of Heuristic: using examples that come to mind. Helpful, but our
easily
memorable experiences
don’t match real state of the world

A

Availability Heuristic

6
Q

heuristic where people look for the most

representative answer, and look to match prototype

A

Representativeness Heuristic

7
Q

Fallacy related to Representativeness Heurisitic that means co-occurence of two instances is more likely than a single one.

A

Conjunction Fallacy

8
Q

what makes a problem well defined?

A

clear starting point and/ or ending point

9
Q

What is a TYPE 1 ERROR

A

False Positive

10
Q

What is a TYPE II ERROR

A

False Negative

11
Q

what is the difference between Representative and Availability Heuristic?

A

Representativeness= not thinking of exact memories (prototype)

Availability Heuristic= actual memories in mind

12
Q

what are the common 3 types of Biases

A

1) Overconfidence
2) Belief Perseverance
3) Confirmation

13
Q

what is “Framing”

A
  • Wording a question in a way that makes people lean towards an answer
14
Q

who proposed there is one general intellegence?

-He used facts to propose that people who score high on one type of test score high on all types of tests.

A

Spearman

Theory of General Intelligence

(spear one idea on the board)

15
Q

is the ability to reason quickly and abstractly

A

fluid intelligence

16
Q

refers to accumulated knowledge and verbal skills

A

crystallized intelligence

17
Q

first to develop intelligence test

A

Alfred Binet

18
Q

Psychologist improved Alfred Binet’s intelligence test

A

Lewis Terman

19
Q

Who proposed the “Theory of Primary Mental Abilities”

A

L.L. Thurnstone

20
Q

Theory of intelligence that is like “Multiple intelligence theory”

7 Factors of intelligence: word fluency, verbal comprehension,
spatial reasoning, perceptual speed,
numerical ability, inductive reasoning, and memory

A

“Theory of Primary Mental Abilities”