Principles of Pathophysiology

Question 1

Pathophysiology

Answer 1

study of how disease processes affect the function the body

Question 2

Metabolism

Answer 2

the cellular function of converting nutrients into energy

Question 3

Aerobic Metabolism

Answer 3

the cellular process in which oxygen is used to metabolize glucose. Energy is produced in an efficient manner with minimal waste products

Question 4

Anaerobic Metabolism

Answer 4

the cellular process in which glucose is metabolized into energy without oxygen. Energy is produced in an inefficient manner with many waste products

Question 5

FiO2

Answer 5

fraction of inspired oxygen; the concentration of O2 in the air we breathe

Question 6

Patent

Answer 6

open and clear; free from obstruction

Question 7

Tidal Volume

Answer 7

volume of air moved in one cycle of breathing

Question 8

Minute volume

Answer 8

amount of air breathed in during each respiration multiplied by the number of breaths per minute

Question 9

Dead Air Space

Answer 9

air that occupies the space between the mouth and alveoli but that does not actually reach the area of gas exchange

Question 10

Chemoreceptors

Answer 10

chemical sensors in the brain and blood vessels that identify changes levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide

Question 11

Plasma Oncotic Pressure

Answer 11

the pull exerted by large proteins in the plasm portion of the blood that tends to pull water from the body into the bloodstream

Question 12

Hydrostatic Pressure

Answer 12

pressure within a blood vessel that tends to push water out of the vessel

Question 13

Stretch Receptors

Answer 13

sensors in blood vessels that identify internal pressure

Question 14

Systemic Vascular Resistance (SVR)

Answer 14

pressure in the peripheral blood vessels that the heart must overcome in order to pump blood into the system

Question 15

Stroke Volume

Answer 15

amount of blood ejected from the heart in one contraction

Question 16

Cardiac Output

Answer 16

the amount of blood ejected from the heart in one minute

Question 17

V/Q Match

Answer 17

ventilation/perfusion match. this implies that the alveoli are supplied with enough air and that the air in the alveoli is matched with sufficient blood in the pulmonary capillaries to permit optimum exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide

Question 18

Perfusion

Answer 18

the supply of oxygen to , and removal of wastes from, the cells and tissues of the boldy as a result of the flow of blood through the capillaries

Question 19

Hypoperfusion

Answer 19

inability of the body to adequately circulate blood to the body’s cells to supply them with oxygen and nutrients also called shock (this is a life-threatening condition)

Question 20

Edema

Answer 20

swelling associated with the movement of water into the interstitual space

Question 21

Signs of Neurologic Impairment

Answer 21

Altered mental status, inability to speak or difficulty speaking, visual or hearing disturbance, inability to walk or difficulty walking, paralysis, weakness, loss of sensation, pupil changes

Question 22

Hypersensitivity

Answer 22

an exaggerated response by the immune system to a particular substance