Principles of Injury and Injury Prevention Flashcards Preview

Intro to Sports Med > Principles of Injury and Injury Prevention > Flashcards

Flashcards in Principles of Injury and Injury Prevention Deck (22)
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1
Q

What were the selection pressures on early hominids?

A
  • Hunter-gatherers
  • Traveling large distances to find food
  • Food not in plentiful supply
2
Q

What quality did early hominids have to overcome the selection pressures?

A

-Had to be energetically efficient

3
Q

Why are humans not particularly fast compared to some animals?

A
  • Shorter stride length
  • Slower muscle contraction velocity
  • Bipedal; Legs have to support bodyweight and provide thrust
4
Q

Even though humans are not faster than other animals, what advantage do they have?

A

-Humans are exceptional at endurance running

5
Q

What makes humans good endurance runners?

A
  • Relatively long legs for body size
  • Springs within legs to utilise elastic recoil
  • Breathing mechanisms not linked to stride frequency
6
Q

Define Injury

A

Bodily damage caused by a transfer of energy that exceeded he body’s ability to maintain its structural and/or functional integrity

7
Q

What is a Traumatic Injury?

A
  • One off overload of the system

- Often due to the impact mechanism (but not always)

8
Q

What is an Overuse Injury?

A
  • Repeated loading the system (cyclical)
  • Damage builds up over time
  • Symptoms appear gradually
  • Load of not excessive magnitude can cause failure
9
Q

What is an acute injury?

A

The first injury episode

10
Q

What is chronic injury?

A

a recurrence of a previous injury

11
Q

How is injury severity measured?

A

-Time loss from training/sport

12
Q

How is injury incidence reported?

A
  • Number of injuries/total exposure * 1000

- gives injuries per 1000 playing hours/matches/athlete exposures

13
Q

What is injury burden?

A
  • injury incidence * average severity
14
Q

What are the areas of injury classification?

A
  • Location of injury
  • Type of injury
  • Match vs training
  • Contact vs non contact
15
Q

What is a risk factor?

A

Any attribute, characteristic or exposure of an individual that increases the likelihood of developing a disease or injury

16
Q

What are the classifications of risk factors?

A
  • Intrinsic; related to a person, their physiology and anatomy
  • Extrinsic; external to the person
  • Modifiable/Non-modifiable
17
Q

Give some examples of non-modifiable intrinsic risk factors for injury

A
  • Previous injury
  • Genetic factors
  • Sex
  • Height/Size
18
Q

Give some modifiable intrinsic risk factors for injury

A
  • Poor alignment
  • Muscle imbalance
  • Leg length discrepancy
  • Lack of flexibility
  • Body composition
19
Q

Give an example of a non-modifiable extrinsic risk factor for injury

A

Environmental conditions like heat, cold, humidity, dryness, etc.

20
Q

Give some examples of modifiable extrinsic risk factors for injury

A
  • Type of playing surface
  • Equipment
  • Rules of the sport
21
Q

What is the 4 step sequence of injury prevention research by van Mechelen 1992?

A
  1. Establish the extent of the injury
  2. Establish causes and mechanisms of the injury
  3. Introduce a preventative measure
  4. Assess its effectiveness by repeating Step 1
22
Q

What is the Sports Injury Causation Model by Bahr and Krosshaug (2005)?

A

Intrinsic risk factors –> Predisposed Athlete –> Exposure to extrinsic risk factor –> susceptible athlete –> Inciting event –> injury