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Flashcards in Principles of biomolecules Deck (37)
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1
Q

Define the terms monomer

A

A small basic molecular unit that makes up a polymer e.g. amino acids and monosccharides

2
Q

Define the term polymer

A

A large complex molecule composed of long chains of monomers bonded/ linked together e.g proteins and carbohydrates

3
Q

Define the term macromolecule

A

A large complex molecule with a large molecular mass e.g a protein or a lipid

4
Q

Define the term dimer

A

A chemical compound composed of two identical or similar monomers

5
Q

Define the term oligomer

A

A polymer molecule consisting of a small number of monomers.

6
Q

Define the term condensation reaction

A

A reaction between two molecules resulting in the formation of a larger molecule and the release of a water molecule.

7
Q

Define the term hydrolysis reaction

A

The breakdown of a molecule into two smaller molecules requiring the addition of a water molecule.

8
Q

Define the term metabolism

A

Cellular metabolism is all the biochemical reactions taking place withing a cell, including all the reactions involved in digesting food molecules.

9
Q

Define a catabolic reaction

A

Reactions of metabolism that breaks molecules down into smaller units- these reactions release energy

10
Q

Define anabolic reaction

A

Reactions of metabolism that construct molecules from smaller units. - These reactions require energy from the hydrolysis of ATP

11
Q

List the 4 main categories of biological molecule.

A
  1. Carbohydrate
  2. Lipids
  3. Proteins
  4. Nucleic acids
12
Q

Carbohydrates- Building blocks

A

Monosaccharide e.g glucose, fructose, ribose

13
Q

Carbohydrates- name of dimer

A

Disaccharide e.g sucrose, lactose, maltose

14
Q

Carbohydrates- Name of macromolecule

A

Carbohydrate

15
Q

Carbohydrates- Is the macromolecule a polymer

A

Yes

16
Q

Carbohydrates- Bond that links the building blocks together

A

Glycosidic bond

17
Q

Carbohydrates- the name of the reaction that joins the building blocks together

A

Condenstion reaction

18
Q

Carbohydrates- examples of functions

A

Glucose- energy source for R
Starch - energy store in plants
Glycogen- energy store in animals
Cellulose- structure and support of cell wall in plants

19
Q

Carbohydrates- elements that make up the molecules

A

Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

20
Q

Lipids- Building blocks

A

Fatty acids and glycerol

21
Q

Lipids- Name of macromolecule

A

Lipid- triglyceride and phospholipids

22
Q

Lipids- Is the macromolecule a polymer

A

No

23
Q

Lipids- Bond that links the building blocks together

A

Esther bond

24
Q

Lipids- the name of the reaction that joins the building blocks together

A

Esterification

25
Q

Lipids- examples of functions

A
  1. membrane formation and creation of hydrophobic barriers
  2. hormone production
  3. electrical insulation necessary for impulse transmission
  4. waterproofing
  5. Thermal insulation
  6. cushioning to protect vital organs
  7. buoyancy for aquatic animals
26
Q

Lipids- elements that make up the molecules

A

Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, (phosphorus in phospholipids)

27
Q

Proteins- building blocks

A

Amino acids

28
Q

Proteins- name of dimer

A

Dipeptide

29
Q

Proteins- name of macromolecule

A

protein- Polypeptide

30
Q

Proteins- is the macromolecule a polymer

A

Yes

31
Q

Proteins- Bonds that link the building blocks together

A

peptide covalent bond

32
Q

Proteins- Name of reaction that joins the building blocks together

A

Condensation reaction

33
Q

Proteins- examples of functios

A

globular proteins- regulate many processes such as chemical reactions, immunity, muscle contractions.
conjugated proteins
Fibrous Proteins- make strong, long molecules- structure

34
Q

Proteins- elements that make up molecules

A

Carbon, hydrogen. oxygen, nitrogen

35
Q

Explain why the principle of macromolecules being able to be deconstructed into building blocks which can then be reconstructed into different macromolecules is the basis for life as we know it.

A

Because you can make loads of things which are important

36
Q

Define a single bond

A

A chemical bond in which one pair of electrons is shared between two atoms.

37
Q

Define a double bond

A

A chemical bond in which two pairs of electrons are shared between two atoms.