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Flashcards in Principles Of Adjuvant Imaging Deck (16)
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1
Q

Define the piezo-electric effects

A

In a ultrasound machine, sound waves are created by vibrations of special crystals in the probe or transducer which alter their shape when a electrical current is applied to them.

2
Q

B-mode

A

Brightness mode

3
Q

In ultrasound, what is it called if there is no echogenicity?

A

Anechoic (black)

4
Q

In ultrasound, what is it called when there is low echogenicity?

A

Hypoechoic

5
Q

In ultrasound, what is it called when there is high/more echogenicity?

A

Hyperechoic

6
Q

What are the two types of transducers

A

Linear array transducer

Sector scanning transducer

7
Q

Which transducer is mainly used for rectal investigations in large animals?

A

Linear array transducer

8
Q

Which transducer is most suitable for small Aninal work? And why?

A

Sector scanning transducer- crystals are closer together so only small area of contact is required.

9
Q

Why might ultrasound be used over x-ray?

A

Because ultrasound can differentiate between soft tissue and fluid.
It produces a moving picture which is important for cardiac assessments and peristalsis
Doesn’t need GA/sedation always

10
Q

Advantages of ultrasound

A
Painless
Safe for staff and patient 
Patients can be conscious 
Real time image 
Ultrasound guided biopsies 
Differentiate between soft tissue and fluid
11
Q

Disadvantages of ultrasound

A

Does not penetrate bone and air
Can not be used for bone or lung investigation
Bone reflects the ultrasound and results in black shadows
Difficult to master/ interpretation
Expensive
Clipping needed
Pathology changes can be overlooked

12
Q

How does skin appear on ultrasound

A

Smooth and bright

13
Q

How does fat appear on ultrasound

A

Can be bright or dark - subcutaneous fat is normally dark

14
Q

How does muscle appear on ultrasound?

A

Is dark when viewed In cross section

15
Q

How does fluid appear on ultrasound?

A

Is blood, effusions or cyst is appears black but puss/thick fluids can appear bright or dark

16
Q

How do tendons appear on ultrasound?

A

Bright but varies because of orientation of probe