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US Politics > Pressure Groups > Flashcards

Pressure Groups Flashcards

1
Q

what is the existence of PGs protected by?

A

the constitution

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2
Q

how is the existence of PGs protected by the constitution?

A

1st amendment - right to free speech

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3
Q

what do some PGs have enshrined in the constitution?

A

their aims - e.g. NRA

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4
Q

what are PGs able to do against political parties?

A

PGs are able to launch uses in the SC against laws passed by political parties in Congress - if they believe they are unconstitutional

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5
Q

what power do the SC have?

A

power of judicial review so are able to declare acts or actions unconstitutional, and thus null and void

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6
Q

what tactics do PGs often use in the court?

A

filing amicus briefs to the court

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7
Q

in what recent case did PGs file amicus briefs?

A

Citizens Untied v FEC (2012)

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8
Q

which PGs filed amicus briefs against which law?

A
  • citizens united and American civil liberties union (ACLU)

- against Bipartisan election reform act - passed by Congress in 2002

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9
Q

what did the 2012 bipartisan election reform act do?

A

act prevented non-profit organisations, corporations and PGs from political advertising and campaigning 60 days before election

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10
Q

what did SC rule in citizens united?

A

ruled act was unconstitutional as it went against the 1st amendment

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11
Q

what did the citizens united show?

A

power of PGs as they overturned legislation passed by parties

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12
Q

what technique do PGs use in congress?

A

lobbying congressional committees to influence legislative process

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13
Q

in the 2016 cycle, how much did NRA spend on house committees?

A

$1,029,200 on 19 US house committees

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14
Q

in the 2016 cycle, how much did NRA spend on senate committees?

A

$518,650 on 17 Senate committees

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15
Q

what are committees the starting place for?

A

legislation

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16
Q

why do PGs use lobbying?

A

to influence policy makers and to draft bills that are favourable to their cause

17
Q

how much did NRA give Reps and Dems in 2016 cycle?

A
  • Rep received $821,850

- Dem received $10,500

18
Q

why do political parties need support from PGs

A

in order to support candidates, money allows them to spend on media coverage and advertising

19
Q

what crucial power do parties have?

A

power to pass legislation and pass bills

20
Q

what has increased in Congress in recent years?

A

partisanship

21
Q

which bills specifically are voted on party lines?

A

crucial bills

22
Q

how has party unity votes increased over time?

A
  • 47% in 111th Congress
  • 69% in 112th Congress
  • 87% in 113th Congress
23
Q

in 2015 how did unity figures increase?

A
  • 92% for dems and reps in house

- 91% for dems and 89% for reps in senate

24
Q

what are members of congress becoming more aligned with?

A

party ideologies and values

25
Q

how much did NRA spend on lobbying in 2017?

A

over $5m lobbying bills in Congress

26
Q

in 2013, which amendment did NRA lobby against?

A

Manchin -Toomey amendment

27
Q

what was the Manchin -Toomey amendment?

A
  • introduced due to Sandyhook shooting, 26 killed, 20 children
  • required background checks on people wanting to purchase guns and introduce registration of firearms
28
Q

what happened to the Manchin -Toomey amendment?

A

billed failed to gain 60 required votes in senate due to lobbying from NRA

29
Q

what has happened to Congress under Trump and 115th congress?

A

partisanship has become more prominent due to his controversial policies and statements

30
Q

what have controversial polices caused?

A

backlash from a strong and united democratic opposition

31
Q

in what areas have trump controversial policies been?

A

immigration, healthcare and tax

32
Q

why did govt go into shutdown in jan 2018?

A

federal budget proposed failed to gain 60 votes in senate on jan 20th, the deadline for the spending bill to pass

33
Q

what did Democrats want to preserve in the shutdown?

A
  • wanting to preserve provision and funding for the DACA programme
  • protecting child migrants from deportation, as part of the federal budget
34
Q

what was the result of senate vote?

A
  • 50-48

- only 5 democrats voting in favour and 6 reps against

35
Q

how do reps and dems differ on their views on abortion?

A
  • Rep traditionally have conservative social policies, -opposing abortion
  • Dem have more liberal social values, supporting the pro-choice
36
Q

what act was passed in Reps in October 2017? why was it able to succeed?

A
  • pain-capable unborn child protection act

- republican majority in house - 236 reps

37
Q

what did the pain-capable unborn child protection act do?

A

made abortion illegal after 20 weeks of pregnancy as opposed to 24 weeks

38
Q

how did the house vote for pain-capable unborn child protection act?

A
  • 234 reps and 3 dems for

- 187 dems and 21 reps against

US Politics (15 decks)

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