Prescribing in Pregnancy Flashcards

1
Q

How might pharmacokinetics be affected by pregnancy?

A

Less absorption (morning sickness)
Increased plasma volume and fat
Increased metabolism
Decreased binding

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2
Q

What should a female take 3 months prior to and in the first 3 months of pregnancy?

A

400 mcg folic acid

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3
Q

In which trimester is a baby at most risk from teratogenicity?

A

1st trimester

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4
Q

What teratogenic effect do ACEI/ARBs have?

A

Renal hypoplasia

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5
Q

What teratogenic effect do antiepileptics have?

A

Cardiac defects
Facial and limb defects
Neural tube defects

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6
Q

What teratogenic effect does lithium have?

A

Cardiac defects

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7
Q

What teratogenic effect does methotrexate have?

A

Skeletal defects

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8
Q

What teratogenic effect does warfarin have?

A

Limb and facial defects

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9
Q

What are frequent seizures in pregnancy associated with in the child?

A

Lower IQ
Hypoxia
Bradycardia
Death

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10
Q

Which antiepileptics should be avoided in pregnancy?

A

Valproate

Phenytoin

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11
Q

Which class of diabetic drugs is not safe in pregnancy?

A

Sulfonylureas

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12
Q

Which antihypertensives should be avoided in pregnancy?

A

ACEI/ARB

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13
Q

Which drug is used to treat VTE in pregnancy?

A

LMW heparin

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14
Q

List some common drugs that can concentrate in breastmilk and their effect

A
Phenobarbitone (suckling difficulty)
Amiodarone (hypothyroidism)
Cytotoxics (bone marrow suppression)
BZDs (drowsiness)
Bromocriptine (suppresses lactation)
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15
Q

Which antibiotic given in pregnancy or early childhood can cause blue staining of teeth?

A

Tetracycline

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16
Q

List facial features of foetal alcoholic syndrome

A
Short palpable fissures
Flat midface
Epicanthal folds
Short nose, low bridge
Indistinct philtrum
Thin upper lip
17
Q

Which antiepileptic can cause cleft lip/palate?

A

Phenytoin

18
Q

Which antiepileptic is associated with neural tube defects?

A

Valproate