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Flashcards in Pre-midterm class Deck (54)
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1
Q

three parts of social inclusion:

A

1) deal w/ structural roots of exclusion 2) rooted in community org and mobilization 3) transformative

2
Q

CJS is primarily ___ and ___ justice

A

criminal ; social

3
Q

5 stages of policy development

A

1) identify the prob
2) agenda setting (prioritizing)
3) policy formation
4) policy implementation
5) policy evaluation and reassessment

4
Q

why study crime?

A

important to understand all aspects of social lives; reduce crime; affects us all

5
Q

financial compensation for crime in early history

A

wergild

6
Q

what are oath helpers?

A

accused could call 20-25 ppl to testify their innocence

7
Q

person who believed all ppl motivated by pleasure/pain, panoptican

A

Bentham

8
Q

most influential scholar in the evolution of justice

A

Beccaria

9
Q

deterrence should include measure of:

A

swiftness, certainty, severity

10
Q

Canada is more ____ in sentencing/punishing

A

centre-left (liberal)

11
Q

the right to not be abused by the power of the state

A

liberty

12
Q

ppl should go to prison __ punishment, not __ punishment

A

as; for

13
Q

neoclassical incorporated 3 new concepts:

A

1) extenuating circumstances 2) past record 3) differences in free will

14
Q

what contributes to diffs in free will:

A

social determinants, developmental stages

15
Q

substantive outcomes

A

Substantive law consists of written statutory rules passed by legislature that govern how people behave, define crimes and set forth punishment, define rights/freedoms

16
Q

procedural outcomes

A

Procedural law governs the mechanics of how a legal case flows, including steps to process a case, adheres to due process

17
Q

goal of rise of municipal policing:

A

maintain public order, control/prevent crime, provide services to the community

18
Q

proactive vs. reactive policing

A

preventative/interventionary vs. responding to complaint after crime has been committed

19
Q

types of court:

A

provincial, provincial superior, appeals, supreme, youth

20
Q

what is provincial superior court?

A

handles certain indictable offences such as first/second degree murder

21
Q

___ suggests that modern punishment continues to serve as surveillance, control, management

A

Foucalt

22
Q

instrumental in establishing prisoner advocacy groups, first ever penitentiary

A

John Howard

23
Q

affluent person who advocated for better female prisons

A

Elizabeth Fry

24
Q

under this act, pens became responsibility of fed gov

A

british north american act

25
Q

canadian sentencing process is driven by ____-

A

punishment, deterrence, rehabilitation

26
Q

sentencing includes:

A

fines, fine option, community service, restitution, probation, conditional sentence, electronic monitor, incarceration

27
Q

what is corporal punishment?

A

act that produces physical pain short of death

28
Q

use of sanctions have the following objectives:

A

denounce unlawful conduct, deter offenders, separate offender from society, rehab, reparations, responsibility

29
Q

CSC is part of Ministry of ___

A

Solicitor general

30
Q

role of provincial ombudsman:

A

independent prov body responsible investigate correctional complaints

31
Q

5 ways of obtaining info about crime:

A

speculation/logical analysis, authority, consensus, observation, past experience

32
Q

indirect consequences and effects of behaviour

A

collateral pains

33
Q

rights in the charter include:

A

right to life, liberty, security; right not to be subjected to cruel/unusual punishment; right not deprived

34
Q

16 interrelated myths:

A

all convicts guilty of crime, effectiveness of community corrections, cost of amenities, physical appearance of convicts, access to free education, violent nature of prisoners, uncaring nature of correctional officers, relationship between prison and crime rates, amt of punishment offender receives, quality of facilities, utility of punishment as deterrent

35
Q

pre-sentence report is:

A

detailed info that assists judge in sentencing offender

36
Q

pre-sentence report completed by:

A

probation officer

37
Q

gladue factors refer to:

A

res school experience

38
Q

what are sentencing alternatives?

A

probation, conditional sentence, electronic monitor, community service order, restitution, mediation

39
Q

what is conditional discharge?

A

offender follows all rules of court = no conviction on crim record

40
Q

what is suspended sentence?

A

jail time would have been warranted, but judge suspended sentence to the community

41
Q

things considered before placing on probation:

A

nature/seriousness of offence, risk to public safety, personal circumstances

42
Q

examples of intensive supervision probation:

A

conditional sentence, electronic monitor

43
Q

what is conditional sentence?

A

rigid probation sentence where violation causes offender return to jail

44
Q

what is PPRU?

A

predict, prevent, reduce

45
Q

what is “predict”

A

what factors/info should we use to assess clients

46
Q

what is “prevent”

A

strategies for society to adopt for social policy

47
Q

what is “reduce”

A

what areas should correctional workers target in supervision and counselling offenders

48
Q

challenges for corrections

A

diverse clientele, exclusion/marginalization, ongoing research, myths of corrections, public perception, cost of corrections

49
Q

sci of interaction between ppl in terms of culture and social structure

A

sociology

50
Q

4 main sociological paradigms

A

functionalism, conflict theories, symbolic interactionist, feminist

51
Q

critical criminology focuses on:

A

structures/systemic barriers in and around the CJS

52
Q

refers to institutionalized power related to inequalities of race, class and gender

A

structuralism

53
Q

critical criminology suggests:

A

social empowerment, redistribution of social resources, participatory democracy

54
Q

refers to structures and process of inequality among groups in society

A

social exclusion