white blood cells (granulocytes, monocytes, and lymphocytes) are formed in the bone marrow
true
the lifespan of white blood cells is relatively long, so constant renewal is not necessary to maintain normal blood levels
false; short
in neutropenia, all of the cell lines are affected, resulting in anemia, thrombocytopenia, and agranulocytosis
false
infectious mononucleosis is a self-limiting disorder caused by the epstein-barr virus
true
non-hodgkin lymphoma is a form of lymphoma that is associated with the presence of an abnormal cell called a reed-sternberg cell
false; hodgkin lymphoma
common in chronic lymphocytic leukemia, especially in persons with advanced disease
colonial malignancy of B lymphocytes
more children are stricken with WHAT than any other form of cancer, and it is the leading cause of death in children between the ages of 1 and 14 years
ALL; acute lymphocytic leukemia
have a sudden and stormy onset with symptoms of depressed bone marrow function (anemia, fatigue, bleeding, and infections)
acute leukemias
leukemia’s are classified according to their predominant
cell type
chronic myelogenous leukemia is associated with the presence of WHAT, arising from a reciprocal translocation between the long arm of chromosome 22 and the long arm of chromosome 9
philadelphia chromosome
platelets are also known as leukocytes
false; thrombocytes
idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura is an autoimmune disorder that affects the normal function and formation of platelets
false; results in platelet antibody formation and destruction of platelets
disseminated intravascular coagulation is a condition that results in simultaneous clotting and bleeding
true
the use of aspirin and other non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) has been identified as a cause of impaired platelet function
true
most of the coagulation factors are proteins synthesized in the spleen
false; liver
orderly, stepwise process for stopping bleeding that involves vasospasm, formation of a platelet plug, and the development of a fibrin clot
hemostasis
a decrease in the number of circulating platelets is known as
thrombocytopenia
hemophilia a is an x- linked recessive disorder that involves a deficiency of factor
VIII
used to describe elevations in the platelet count above 1,000,000
thrombocytosis
fat soluble vitamin that is continuously being synthesized by intestinal bacteria, is necessary for normal activity of factors VII, IX, and X and prothrombin
vitamin k
there are two major types of hemoglobin; adult hemoglobin (HbA) and fetal hemoglobin (HbF)
true
sickle cell disease is a chronic disorder that results from changes in the shape, rather than the size of rbc cells
true
iron deficiency anemia only affects infants and toddlers
false ; all ages
the rate at which hemoglobin is synthesized depends on the availability of iron for heme synthesis
true
thalassemias are inherited disorders of platelet synthesis that cause severe bruising and bleeding
false
mature rbc
erythrocytes
the function of rbc is to transport ANSWER from the lungs to the tissues
oxygen
if rbc destruction is excessive, bilirubin production is increased, causing a yellow discoloration of the skin
jaundice
Rh disease of the newborn is an example of
acquired hemolytic anemia
a primary condition of bone marrow stem cells that results in reduction of all three hematopoietic cell lines; red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets
aplastic anemia
creutzfeldt-jacob disease and mad cow disease are examples of prion-associated diseases
true
viruses are capable of replicating outside of a living cell
false ; incapable
term portal of entry refers to the process by which a pathogen enters the body
true
some fungi are components of normal human micro flora
true
all organisms have the potential to cause infectious illness in humans
true
infections that develop in patients while they are hospitalized
nosocomial hospital acquired infection
adding the suffix ANSWER to the name of the involves tissue usually designates inflammation of an anatomic location
-itis
the period during which the host experiences the maximum impact of the infectious process
acute stage of disease
refers to the particular collection of signs and symptoms expressed by the host during the disease course
symptomatology
ticks, mosquitoes, mites, and lice are examples of what
parasites/ arthropods
organisms that derive benefits from their biological relationship with another organism
parasites/ arthropods
active immunity is acquired through immunization or actually having the disease
true
t lymphocytes are responsible for humoral immunity
false; cell mediated
adaptive immunity / acquired immunity refers to immunity that is acquired through previous exposure to infectious and other foreign agents
true
thyroid gland plays a central role in the immune response
false; thymus gland
passive immunity represents a type of immunity that is transferred from another source, such as in uterus transfer of antibodies from mother to infant
true
consists of cellular and biochemical defenses that are in place before infection and respond rapidly to it
innate immunity/ native immunity
5 classes each with different role in the immune defense strategy
immunoglobulin
a large secondary lymphoid organ located high in the left abdominal cavity, filters antigens from the blood and is important in the response to systemic infections
spleen
substances that are foreign to the host and can stimulate an immune response
antigens
class of immunoglobulin that is involved in allergic and hypersensitivity reactions
IgE
allergic rhinitis is a systemic, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction
false
virtually any food can product an atopic or nonatopic allergy
true
in graft versus host disease, the immune cells of the transplant recipient attack the donor cells of the transplanted organ
false
severe combined immunodeficiency is a disorder that results from the loss of b-cell function as well as t cell function
true
an hiv-infection person can only transmit the virus when symptoms are present and the antibody test is positive
false ; always can be transmitted
reactions are IgE-mediated reactions that begin rapidly often within minutes of an antigen challenge
type 1 hypersensitivity
a test in which purified protein derivative is injected under the skin, is an example of a delayed-type hypersensitivity
the tuberculin test
rheumatoid arthritis type 1 diabetes mellitus, ulcerative colitis, and myasthenia gravis are all examples of probable
type i hypersensitivity disease
hiv infected person is at risk for many ANSWER, potentially affecting the respiratory tract, the gastrointestinal tract, and the nervous system
opportunistic infections
refers to the inability to mount an immune response against a persons own antigens
self tolerance