viscerosomatic reflex hypothesis
visceral afferent nerve impulses reflexively cause somatic problems through the mechanism of anterior horn cell facilitation
neurodystrophic/neuroimmune hypothesis
the subluxation can lead to lowered tissue resistance and comporomise the body’s ability to adapt to microorganisms
somatopsychic hypothesis
subluxations can affect mental state and the emotions
psychogenic hypothesis
mental stress can cause subluxations through postural changes, diaphgrams tension and other neurologic effects
nerve compression hypothesis
distortion of the IVF causes mechanical compression, stretch, traction, or torsion of spinal nerves or nerve roots with subsequent injury and dysfunction
somatoautonomic/somatovisceral reflex hypothesis
the subluxation can involve facilitation of alteral horn cells, leading to visceral dysfunction via latered sympathetic innervation
somatosomatic/somatomotor insufficiency hypothesis
articular alterations and nociceptive signals from subluxated motion segments cause dysafferentation to the spinal cord, disrupting normal postural muscle tone, and reflexively disturbing other somatic functions as well
axoplasmic aberration hypothesis
neurotrophic support can be adversely afected by the disruption of axoplasmic transport mechanisms
vertebrobasilar arterial insufficiency hypothesis
cervical subluxations can cause vascular insufficiency to the brain by direct arterial compression
spinal cord compression/myelopathy hypothesis
upper cervical misalignments can cause stress to the spinal cord
which structures are affected first by the very slight amounts of compression of the contents of the IVF
veins and lymphatic vessels
the vertebrobasilar arterial insufficiency hypothesis is based on what proposed mechanism?
subluxations of the cervical segments can cause direct pressure on the vertebral arteries, obstructing the lumen of the vessels and causing a loss of blood flow to the brain
the axoplasmic aberration hypothesis is the suggestion that…?
axoplasmic transport may be altered in certain cases in which the spinal nerve roots are compressed or irritated by the intervertebral subluxation
within the IVF there is a connective tissue sructure which divides the iVF into compartments, and therefore limits the ability of other IFT components to avoid compression trauma. what is it?
transforaminal ligament
the neurodystrophic hypothesis is the concept that..
neural dysfunctions lowers the resistance of the body to infectious agents
why are vins and lymphatic vessels important structures in the trophic models of subluxation?
they are more quickly affected by compression than other IVF components
one of Korr’s contributions to the knowledge base concerning the nature of the subluxation was his work in the area of..
axoplasmic transport and neurotrophic effects
which is one of the trophic models of subluxation complex?
intraneural microcirculation ischemia
sleep disturbances, emotional changes and symptoms of altered cognitive function as a refult of subluxation effects are among the ffects explained by the ___hypothesis
somatopsychic
what is the name of the hypothesis that decreased cerebral blood flow due to several subluxation effects can cause “hibernation” of certain brainbunction?
cerebral dysfunction theory
ischemic conditions affecting nerves tend to first cause..
hyperirritability
a patient experiences a recurrent spinal subluxation associated with an overuse inflammation of tendons at the eblow. What hypothesisi explains the possible mechanism involved?
somatosomatic reflex
a child with chronic relapsing ear infections experiences much better health, and a decrease in the frequency and severity of infections after receiving chiropractic care. What hypothesis is used to explain this experience?
neurodystrophic
a patient experiences significant emotional stress that is found to cause a frequent recurrence of subluxations. what hypothesis applies to this situation?
psychogenic or psychosomatic
what level of care does Dr. Strang consider to be the “ideal” in chiropractic practice?
chiropractors attempt to resore normal structure and function by reducing, stabilizing or correcting subluxation complexes; they also work with patients in preventing the occurrance or recurrence of subluxations
how can chronic mental stress be a factor in the cause or perpetuation of subluxation complexes?
chronic diaphragm hypertonicity can cause biomecahnical alterations in teh lumbar spine, including fixation
the resulting visceral pathology can be a source of viscerosomatic dysafferentation
chronic postural distortion due to negative “body language”
the “loeser pain hierarchy” illustrates what concept relating to subluxations?
‘Pain behavior’ can persist after tissue healing has taken place
what is a mechanism by which a person who has a major surgery might sevelop a subluxation complex afterward?
patient positioning under anesthesia causes mechanical injury to joints and/or nerves
nociceptive input from surgically traumatized tissues produces a somatomotor response
the subconscious mind of the patient might be affected by negative statements made by the surgeon during the operation
how can exercise help prevent subluxations?
strengthen and balance postural muscles
improve spinal joint motion
help lower overall SNS “tone”
T/F a nerve undergoing compression stress may temporarily demonstrate reduced axoplasmic flow characteristics, while continuing to conduct impulses normally
true
T/F a person with a job that involves repetitive motions or positions that are habitual will be less likely to develop subluxations than a person whose work hapits involve constantly varied activity
false
T/F a long-time cigarette smoker may show evidence of an upper thoracic subluxation complex possibly through the mechanism of the viscerosomatic reflex
true
T/F if a person has never suffered an accident or fall, it is not likely that the chiropractor will find evidence of subluxation complex in that person
false
T/F the causes of subluxation include mechanical, chemical, and metnal forms of stress
true
T/F D.D. Palmer believed that the toxins in food, drink, medications could cause spinal subluxations
true
T/F gravity can be considered to be a continuous microtraumatic stress that can be a factor in causing subluxations
true
T/F the patient’s emotional state doesn’t have an effet on the response to adjustments, or the ability to maintain corrections
false
T/F moderate general exercise is one factor that can help prevent the occurence of subluxation complexes
true
T/F chiropractic care has been reported to help certain patients with insomnia, and emotional disorders such as neuroses.
true