Political Sociology II- The State and its Institutions Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Political Sociology II- The State and its Institutions Deck (43)
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1
Q

Cybernetics

A

Study of society’s conscious mechanism of control

2
Q

Talcott Parsons

A

Uses this to place state on his AGIL framwork

3
Q

The State

A

the most prominent social body responsible for setting rules that govern us as a whole and the whole network of institutions it involves

4
Q

Nation

A

idealised image of society as culturally, ethnically, or linguistically unified whole

5
Q

Nation-State

A

a ruling state institutions that identifies itself as a state of a particular ethnic/Cultural group, not just as an impartial governing institution

6
Q

Politics from a sociological perspective

A

a struggle for control of the state, so as to be able to make decisions that affect all of society

7
Q

Power of the STATE

A

the overall centralized political and social apparatus of decision-making and administration

8
Q

Power of the GOVERNMENT

A

the specific branch of state tasked with making decisions and setting policy

9
Q

Power of the STATE INSTITUTION

A

Carry out policy, keep peace, maintain law and order .

10
Q

Power of the CIVIL SOCIETY

A

The rest of society considered as a whole.

11
Q

2b.

A

?

12
Q

Separation of powers

A

principle that different branches of government should be in hands of different people, to reduce the possibility of abuses of power

13
Q

Executive power

A

power to carry out the law with force and conduct foreign relation

14
Q

Legislative power

A

Power to make the law, and to decide broad policy directions

15
Q

Judiciary Power

A

power to interpret and apply law to particular cases

16
Q

Who developed separation of power?

A

John Locke

17
Q

Totalitariianism

A

state controls EVERY aspect of social life; signs of political power are everywhere

18
Q

Authoritarianism

A

strong central leader, little public opposition, may rely on force to ensure compliance

19
Q

Liberal Democracy

A

open public sphere theoretically governed by citizens, with protection for rights of free speech

20
Q

Pluralism

A

pluralist societies have no single or unified ruling ideas: they try to include many different voices

21
Q

Direct Democracy

A

entire body of citizens make all decisions on state affairs. everyone is part of the government

22
Q

Representative Democracy

A

citizens vote for representatives to make decisions for them in parliament

23
Q

Proportional representation

A

MP’s chosen on party’s national share of vote

24
Q

First-past-the-post System

A

MP’s chosen individually by local riding/constituency

25
Q

public sphere

A

third space between private home life and political state in which free debate takes place to form the public voice and influence the power

26
Q

Jurgen Habermas

A

Suggests society participates indirectly in shaping government by way of broader institution of civil society

27
Q

economic CLASS

A

possession of material WEALTH

28
Q

social STATUS GROUP

A

attribution of HONOUR, prestige or privilege

29
Q

political PARTY

A

control of legal or political POWER

30
Q

Polyarchy

A

decisions emerge from multiple different sources of power, not necessarily froma single state controlled by tight knit groups.

31
Q

Power Elite

A

small group at the top, including wealthiest businessmen, political leaders, old ruling classes who have effective control over power

32
Q

Vertical Mosaic (Porter)

A

porter’s term to describe power hierarchy in Canada: a vertical hierarchy of racial or ethnic groups

33
Q

Closure (Weber)

A

Weber’s term for the way elites maintain position by monopolising

34
Q

Ideological power

A

power over culture, values, beliefs

35
Q

Economic power

A

power over the things people need to survive and prosper

36
Q

Military power

A

power over weapons, soldiers, armies and territory

37
Q

Political Power

A

power over state apparatuses, to set law that people must obey

38
Q

Citizenship

A

political membership in a state, granting rights and liberties protected by the institution of government

39
Q

Civil liberties

A

freedom of speech, assembly, movement, and press which protect us from the government

40
Q

Civil rights

A

positive right guaranteed to every member of state

41
Q

bureaucracy

A

trained professional officials, operating by set rules and procedures to administer organization

42
Q

governmentality

A

Foucault’s term for the techniques of power by which state creates ‘good citizens’

43
Q

Micheal Foucault

A

individual who believed that the modern state and it bureaucratic institution are everywhere, shaping everything we do