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Flashcards in Political Authority in Action Deck (23)
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1
Q

What was Russification?

A

Forcing everyone within the Russian empire to think of themselves as Russian, by enforcing the Russian language and culture.

2
Q

Why did the development of National Ideology prove a problem to Tsarist Autocracy in the 1800s?

A

Diverse nationalities meant that national ideology was diverse; thus, a threat to Russian autocracy.

3
Q

What year was the first Polish rebellion?

A

1830

4
Q

How did Alexander II react to the 1863 polish rebellion?

A

He sent his brother Viceroy Duke Konstantin Nikolaevich to deal with the rebels.

5
Q

How many Poles were involved in the 1863 rebellion?

A

200,000

6
Q

How did the Poles fight the Russians in the 1863 rebellion?

A

They used Guerilla Warfare

7
Q

What year were the Polish rebels eventually suppressed?

A

1864

8
Q

How did Alexander II keep control of racial minorities?

A

Used concessions to keep control.

9
Q

Which officials advocated the policy of ‘cultural russification?’

A

Tsar Alexander III, Pobedonostev and many of the Tsar’s ministers.

10
Q

What was the aim of Russification?

A

to merge all the Tsar’s subjects into a single nation with a feeling of shared identity.

11
Q

Which areas suffered from Russification most severely?

A

Poland and Finland.

12
Q

How was Russification enforced in Finland?

A

Their parliament was reorganised to have less influence,
the use of russian language was demanded,
the independent postal service was abolished,
russian coinage replaced their currency.

13
Q

How was Russification enforced in Poland?

A

The Polish National bank was closed,
in schools, the teaching of all subjects was to be in Russian,
Literature was studied in Russian translation,
Administration of Poland was changed to curb any independence.

14
Q

What year was the Polish national bank closed?

A

1885

15
Q

How was Russification enforced against the Baltic Germans?

A

Russian Language was demanded in all state offices, schools, the police force and judicial system.

16
Q

How many Lutherans were forced to convert to Russian Orthodoxy under Russification?

A

37,000

17
Q

How many cases of mass disturbance were estimated in 1888 due to Russification?

A

332

18
Q

What was the Pale of Settlement?

A

A region in the south part of European Russia: a limited number of Jews were allowed to live outside of the pale.

19
Q

What percentage of Russia’s landmass was taken up by the Pale of Settlement?

A

20%

20
Q

What year was the Pale of Settlement created?

A

1791

21
Q

What were the Jewish Pogroms of 1881-84?

A

anti-jewish riots.

22
Q

What was the cause of the Jewish Pogroms of 1881-84?

A

perhaps business competiton, or encouraged by the okhrana using the link to Alexander II’s assassination.

23
Q

What were the May Laws of 1882?

A

limiting where Jews could settle, what properties they could buy, forbidding jewish business being done on Sundays