Plant Kingdom Lecture 4 Flashcards Preview

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0
Q

Most liverworts are found in _________ or _________ climates.

A

Moist tropical and moist temperate

1
Q

Phylum for liverworts

A

Hepatophyta or Marchantiophyta

2
Q

Most liverworts are _________ (on the soil).

A

Terrestrial

3
Q

Many liverworts are _________ (grow on top of another plant).

A

Epiphytic

4
Q

Rarely, liverworts are _________ (freshwater).

A

Aquatic

5
Q

Liverworts are small. Why?

A

Diffusion of gases and water

6
Q

Liverworts are simple. What does this mean?

A

They have no vascular tissue

7
Q

A simple plant is a what?

A

Thallus

8
Q

A thallus consists of only what?

A

Parenchyma cells

9
Q

All plants have the same _________, called _________.

A

Life cycle; alternation of generations

10
Q

In the plant kingdom, there is a tendency to _________ the gametophyte and _________ the sporophyte.

A

Diminish; emphasize

11
Q

Gametophyte in liverworts is _________. The _________ is temporary.

A

Dominant; sporophyte

12
Q

List three characteristics of the gametophyte.

A

Long-living, photosynthetic, and independent plant

13
Q

Sporophyte dependent on gametophyte for _________ and _________.

A

Water; carbohydrates

14
Q

Haploid

A

Number of chromosomes in the nucleus of the cell is half the normal number

15
Q

Diploid

A

Number of chromosomes is normal in the nucleus of the cell

16
Q

Why is the gametophyte the “happy” plant?

A

It is sexual

17
Q

Antheridium (1N)

A

Male sex organ that produces sperm

18
Q

Antheridium has a _________, _________, and _________.

A

Sterile jacket; stalk; spermatogenous cells

19
Q

Archegonium (1N)

A

Female sex organ that produces the egg

20
Q

Archegonium has _________, _________, _________, and _________.

A

Neck; venter; egg; stalk

21
Q

Product of fertilization is what?

A

A single, diploid cell

22
Q

Monoecious

A

Condition where one plant bears both sexes; “one house”

23
Q

Dioecious

A

Condition where one plant bears one sex and another plant bears the other sex; “two houses”

24
Q

Some liverworts are called “leafy”. Why?

A

They have leaf-like lobes (the lobes are NOT leaves)

25
Q

Thallus

A

Gametophyte body that has rhizoids

26
Q

Rhizoids

A

Hair-like structures (not roots)

27
Q

Non-vascular plants have no roots, stems or leaves because _________.

A

They lack vascular tissue

28
Q

Roots have what tissues?

A

Xylem and phloem

29
Q

Leaf

A

Photosynthetic organ with xylem and phloem

30
Q

Growth in the liverworts is by _________.

A

1 apical meristematic cell

31
Q

Meristematic cell

A

A cell that constantly divides (forever) to produce the plant body

32
Q

Plants grow forever until they _________.

A

Die

33
Q

What happens at pores?

A

Diffusion of carbon dioxide and oxygen

34
Q

Fertilization in mosses is what?

A

Aquatic (water + swimming sperm)

35
Q

The first diploid cell of sporophyte generation

A

Zygote

36
Q

Zygote –> _________ –> _________ (sporophyte)

A

Embryo; mature plant

37
Q

Antheridiophore

A

Structure that bears antheridia; part of the gametophyte

38
Q

Foot (2N)

A

Structure that anchors the sporophtye on the gametophyte plant and absorbs water and carbohydrates

39
Q

Seta or stalk (2N)

A

Structure that elevates the capsule

40
Q

Capsule or sporangium (2N)

A

Structure that holds the spores

41
Q

What cells produce sperm?

A

Spermatogenous cells

42
Q

What two processes change chromosome number?

A

Fertilization and meiosis

43
Q

What are the 2 processes to get from a zygote to an embryo?

A

Mitosis and cytokinesis

44
Q

Mosses: why start with gametophyte?

A

It is green, photosynthetic, and prominent & dominant generation

45
Q

Protonema

A

Thread-like stage of the gametophyte of mosses

46
Q

“Leafy” gametophore

A

“Leafy” stage of the gametophyte of the mosses

47
Q

Which gametophyte bears the sporophyte?

A

Female gametophyte

48
Q

Sporophyte in peat moss is black because it is _________.

A

Non-photosynthetic

49
Q

What do you know for sure about the gametophyte?

A

That it is female

50
Q

What do you NOT know for sure about the gametophyte?

A

If it is also male/if it is a bisexual plant

51
Q

Why do you want to elevate the capsule (sporangium)?

A

To disperse the spores

52
Q

Marchantia (genus): why is there a short sets in the sporophtye?

A

The spores can be dispersed

53
Q

If dioecious, half of the spores make _________ and the other half make _________.

A

Female gametophytes; male gametophytes

54
Q

If monoecious, all of the spores give rise to what?

A

Bisexual plants

55
Q

Anthoceros (genus) literally means what?

A

Flowering horn

56
Q

Hornworts have _________ species

A

Monoecious

57
Q

A hornwort’s sporophyte has what?

A

Foot and capsule

58
Q

Hornworts have no seta because there is a _________, causing the capsule to grow forever.

A

Meristem

59
Q

Hornwort spores give rise to what plants?

A

Bisexual