Plant cells and tissue systems Flashcards Preview

Fundamentals of Plant Biology > Plant cells and tissue systems > Flashcards

Flashcards in Plant cells and tissue systems Deck (43)
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1
Q

What are the 4 types of non-vascular plant cells?

A

Meristematic, parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma

2
Q

What are meristematic cells?

A

Cells that are almost completely undifferentiated and continue to divide at maturity

3
Q

Where are meristematic cells found?

A

Root and shoot apical meristems

4
Q

What are parenchyma cells?

A

More differentiated cells that still divide at maturity

5
Q

What cell type are the majority of the cells in plant?

A

Parenchyma

6
Q

What is the structure of parenchyma cells?

A

Thin, squishy primary cell walls. Generally have no secondary cell walls

7
Q

What are the functions of parenchyma cells?

A

Jack of all trades. They are part of adventitious structures, photosynthetic cells, regeneration and wound repair, starch storage

8
Q

What is the function of the most specialized parenchyma cells?

A

Photosynthesis

9
Q

Are parenchyma cells living or dead at maturity?

A

Living

10
Q

What do collenchyma cells do?

A

Provide flexible support for young growing organs

11
Q

What is the structure of collenchyma cells?

A

Elongated, flexible cells with unevenly thickened cell walls. Generally don’t have secondary cell walls or lignin

12
Q

Are collenchyma cells living or dead at maturity?

A

Living, but don’t usually keep dividing

13
Q

What do sclerenchyma cells do?

A

Rigid support and mechanical strength. Also found in the fits of fruits to protect the seeds from the digestive systems of herbivores

14
Q

What is the structure of sclerenchyma cells?

A

Thick secondary cell walls with lignin

15
Q

Are sclerenchyma cells living or dead at maturity?

A

Dead

16
Q

What are the 3 types of vascular cells?

A

Tracheids, vessel elements and sieve tube members

17
Q

Which plants have tracheids?

A

All vascular plants

18
Q

Which plants have vessel elements?

A

Angiosperms

19
Q

What two cell types make up the xylem?

A

Tracheids and vessel elements

20
Q

What cell types make up the phloem?

A

Sieve tube members and their companion cells

21
Q

What is the structure of tracheids and vessel elements?

A

Hollow tubes with thick secondary cell walls that are impermeable to water. Cells are separated by pits that allow sap to flow across the walls

22
Q

What do tracheary elements do?

A

Conduct water and provide rigid mechanical support

23
Q

Are tracheary elements living or dead at maturity?

A

Dead

24
Q

What do sieve tube members do?

A

Conduct photosynthates, hormones, and signalling molecules from leaves to roots

25
Q

What is the structure of sieve tube members?

A

Highly specialized and reduced, with most organelles removed. Cells are separated by sieve plates that allow sap to pass through

26
Q

Are sieve tube members living or dead at maturity?

A

Living, but they are so reduced that they have companion cells that keep them alive

27
Q

What are the 3 tissue systems of plants?

A

Dermal tissue, ground tissue, vascular tissue

28
Q

What is the dermal tissue system?

A

All the outside protective tissues that are tightly packed and don’t let things through

29
Q

What 5 structures are part of the dermal tissue system?

A

Epidermis, cuticle, guard cells, trichomes, root hairs

30
Q

What does the epidermis do? What tissue system is it part of?

A

General protection layer that covers the primary plant body. Part of dermal tissue

31
Q

What does the cuticle do? What tissue system is it part of?

A

Waxy layer on the leaves that restricts water loss and keeps out pathogens. Part of dermal tissue

32
Q

What do guard cells do? What tissue system is it part of?

A

Regulate gas exchange by opening and closing the stomata. Part of dermal tissue

33
Q

What do trichomes do? What tissue system is it part of?

A

Hair like structures on the surface of a plant that is not a root hair. Glandular trichomes secrete phytochemicals and aromatics. Part of dermal tissue

34
Q

What do root hairs do? What tissue system is it part of?

A

Unicellular root protrusions that absorb water and nutrients. Part of dermal tissue

35
Q

What does the ground tissue system do?

A

Support, storage and fills up air space

36
Q

What type of cell is most prevalent in the ground tissue?

A

Parenchyma

37
Q

What does the vascular tissue system do?

A

Conducting system. Transports water, photosynthates, hormones, nutrients

38
Q

What cells are included in the vascular tissue system?

A

Xylem cells (tracheids and vessel elements), phloem sieve tube elements, any cells that support their functions, vascular cambium

39
Q

Where is the vascular cambium located in plants with secondary growth?

A

Between the xylem and the phloem

40
Q

What are the two initials in the vascular cambium? What do they do?

A

Ray initials: keep root hairs together

Fusiform initials: produce xylem and phloem

41
Q

What is the difference between tracheids and vessel elements?

A

Tracheids are narrower and in all plants, vessel elements are wider and only in angiosperms

42
Q

During secondary growth, where is secondary xylem produced? What tissue makes it?

A

Towards the inside. Produced by the fusiform initials of the vascular cambium

43
Q

During secondary growth, where is secondary phloem produced? What tissue makes it?

A

Towards the outside. Produced by the fusiform initials of the vascular cambium