Places of Worship Flashcards

1
Q

What was on the friezes of the Parthenon?

A

Panathenaic procession on one and four mythical battles: gigantomachy, centauromachy, amazonomachy, trojan war on the other (also on the statue of Athene Parthenos)

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2
Q

What is on the pediments of the Parthenon?

A

Athene’s birth on one side and her competition with Poseidon over Athens on the other

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3
Q

Indications that the Parthenon wasn’t purely religious

A

No altar attached to it, Athene Parthenos didn’t originally have a priestess. Large amounts of gold/silver objects were stored inside the Parthenon which could be ‘borrowed’ in times of need ie. the gold on the shoulder of the chryselephantine statue of Athene was melted down and used to pay for the Peloponnesian war against Sparta

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4
Q

Other sanctuary on the Acropolis

A

the Erechtheion- believed to be the home of a serpent, a representation of the mythical king Kekrops of Athens. Moreover dedicated to Erechtheios

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5
Q

What was the Erechtheion used for?

A

the Plynteria (cleaning festival) and the Panathenaia

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6
Q

Who was Delphi run by?

A

the Amphictyonic League- a local association of Greeks

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7
Q

Delphi was the…

A

omphalos (belly button)

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8
Q

Locations within the sanctuary at Delphi

A

the Temple of Apollo, the Sacred Way, the theatre, the stadium (outside the temenos)

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9
Q

Buildings along the sacred way

A

treasuries, stoas and monuments set up by city-states from all over the Greek world

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10
Q

Example of monuments along the sacred way used by city-states to compete

A

Athens’ monument to commemorate their victory against the Persians at the Battle of Marathon. When Spartans had defeated the Athenians at the Peloponnesian Wars, they set up a monument of 38 statues directly opposite.

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11
Q

Example of monuments being used to show unity of city-states

A

the Serpent Column: erected to thank Apollo for helping allied forces fight a Persian army at the Battle of Plataea

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12
Q

Boundary for the sanctuary at Delphi

A

temenos

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13
Q

Example of religion mixed with sport

A

inscription forbidding the removal of sacrificial wine from the stadium

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14
Q

The right to consult the oracle first

A

promanteia

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15
Q

Payment to consult the oracle

A

pelanos- small sacrificial cake

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16
Q

Who controlled Olympia?

A

under the authority of the city Eleusis

17
Q

Boundary wall for Olympia

A

Altis

18
Q

Main buildings at Olympia

A

the Temple of Zeus, the Echo Stoa, the stadium and the ash altar of Zeus

19
Q

Pediments of the Temple of Zeus at Olympia

A

chariot race between Pelops (Zeus’ grandson) and Oinomaos- founding myth of the Olympic Games on one and the centauromachy on the other

20
Q

Metopes of the Temple of Zeus at Olympia

A

12 labours of Hercules- son of Zeus and founder of the Olympic Games

21
Q

Statue inside the Temple of Zeus at Olympia

A

Pheidias’ statue of Zeus- cryselephantine- shows his supremacy

22
Q

Religiosity of the Olympic Games

A

Ash-altar of Zeus, running races always finished facing the Altis. There was even an oracle of Zeus there

23
Q

The Echo Stoa at Olympia

A

Dates to the mid 4th century and was almost 100m long. Held competition for trumpeters and heralders on the 1st day of the Olympics. Place to meet and set out stalls to do business.

24
Q

How long were the Olympic Games?

A

5 days, only Greeks could compete

25
Q

Scott Olympia

A

more a ‘busy sanctuary’ than only about the games.

26
Q

Scott Delphi

A

‘the oracle was but one of a number of activities at the sanctuary’

27
Q

Sanctuaries as places to compete with other states

A

Snodgrass, Marinatos, Morgan

28
Q

Significance of location of the treasuries at Olympia

A

on the way to the stadium= maximum visibility and self-promotion

29
Q

Athenian treasury

A

located at a sharp-turn in the Sacred Way, where most worshippers were likely to have stopped to rest, its marble exterior would have stood out in the sanctuary. In front of it stood a stoa, set up by the Athenians, which was on the plateau directly below the Temple of Apollo, meaning that worshipers would have waited here for their turn to consult the oracle

30
Q

Siphnian treasury

A

made entirely of marble and decorated with elaborate sculptures and caryatids on the facade. Impressive appearance exaggerated by its location next to the sacred way

31
Q

When could one consult the oracle?

A

on the first day of the month for nine months

32
Q

How the Pythia responded

A

sources differ about whether she raved incoherent noises and words that a priest then deciphered, or whether her responses were comprehensible

33
Q

Why did Greeks consult the oracle?

A

Economic, physical and time-cost for individuals and city-states to consult the oracle suggest there must have been a genuine trust in and appreciation of the advice given by the oracle.
Consultants doubtless valued the journey to Delphi as much as the response by the Pythia, giving them time to think and discuss them with strangers they would meet.
State queries would likely have benefited from the gathering of people from all around the world- sharing of information.

34
Q

Origin of the ash altar at Olympia

A

apparently here that Zeus struck his lightning bolt from Mount Olympus in Northern Greece. Reminds us that the Games, although athletic in nature, were dedicated in honour of Zeus; they were a religious affair

35
Q

Treasuries at Olympia

A

On the northern side of the Altis, before entering the stadium, are a series of twelve treasuries. All but two are dedicated by city-states from outside the Greek mainland, showing the Panhellenic appeal of this sanctuary. Their prime location on the way to the stadium meant maximum visibility and self-promotion

36
Q

the stadium at Olympia

A

Held running races, combat and field events.

37
Q

Significance of the Olympic games

A

a way to assert one’s Greek identity, since only Greeks could compete in these games

38
Q

Marinatos games

A

‘not only a means of establishing inter-state superiority but intra-state prestige as well’

39
Q

Marinatos monuments

A

‘art was also a means of competition’