PHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY OF THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM Flashcards
what is the autonomic nervous system made up of?
sympathetic
parasympathetic
enteric
what receptors can ACh bind to?
muscarinic- parasympathetic
nicotinic -sympathetic
what type of receptors are muscarinic?
7-transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors
what type of receptors are nicotinic?
ion channels
what’s the difference between depolarising and non-depolarising neuromuscular blockades?
non-depolarising blockades don’t produce an action potential when they bind to ACh receptors and they cause muscle relaxation
depolarising blockades generate action potentials when binding to ACh receptors, they aren’t metabolised by acetylcholinesterase drugs and they create muscle fasciculations and paralysis
what are examples of muscarinic receptor antagonists?
atropine
scopolamine
tropicamide
what is an example of a muscarinic receptor agonist?
pilocarpine
describe the formation of epinephrine from phenylalanine?
phenylalanine is converted to tyrosine which is then converted to L-DOPA which id then converted to dopamine, then norepinephrine and finally epinephrin
what is noradrenaline metabolised by?
MAO and COMT
what is tyramine?
an amino acid present in the diet that helps regulate blood pressure
how is tyramine metabolised?
in the liver by MAO
what is the effect of tyramine in the body?
it is taken up into nerve terminals by norepinephrine reuptake transporters and causes the release of norepinephrine
what are common side effects for alpha adrenergic receptor antagonists?
postural hypotension, tachycardia, nasal congestion, impotence, failure of ejaculation.
what are common side effects for beta adrenergic antagonists?
bronchoconstriction, cardiac failure, depression, fatigue, headaches
