Physics 13: Temperature, Kinetic Theory, & the Gas Laws Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Physics 13: Temperature, Kinetic Theory, & the Gas Laws Deck (31)
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1
Q

Heat transfer

A

movement of heat energy from one place or material to another

2
Q

Temperature

A

what we measure with a thermometer

3
Q

Celsius

A

temperature scale in which water freezes at 0 and boils at 100

4
Q

Degrees Celsius

A

unit of the Celsius temperature scale

5
Q

Fahrenheit

A

most frequently used temp scale in the US; freezing point is 32; boiling point is 212

6
Q

Degrees Fahrenheit

A

unit of the Fahrenheit temperature scale

7
Q

Kelvin

A

temperature scale commonly used in science; absolute; 0 in this scale is the lowest possible temp

8
Q

Absolute Zero

A

lowest possible temperature; temp at which there is no molecular motion

9
Q

Thermal Equilibrium

A

heat flows from the hotter object to the cooler object until they have exactly the same temp

10
Q

Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics

A

If 2 systems, A & B, are in thermal equilibrium with each other, & B is in thermal equilibrium with a 3rd system, C, then A is also in thermal equilibrium with C

11
Q

Thermal Expansion

A

change in size or volume of a given mass with temperature

12
Q

Coefficient of Linear Expansion

A

alpha, the change in length, per unit length, per 1 degree Celsius change in temp; a constant; depends on the material and to some degree on the temp of the material

13
Q

Coefficient of Volume Expansion

A

Beta; almost exactly equal to 3 alpha; change in volume, per unit volume, per 1 degree Celsius change in temp

14
Q

Thermal Stress

A

created by thermal expansion or contraction; can be destructive or useful

15
Q

Ideal Gas Law

A

PV=NkT; P = absolute pressure of a gas; V is the volume it occupies; N is the # of atoms and molecules in the gas; T is its absolute temp (K)

16
Q

Boltzmann Constant

A

k; =1.38 x 10^-23 J/K

17
Q

Avogadro’s Number

A

the actual number of atoms or molecules in 1 mole; = 6.02 x 10^23 mol^-1

18
Q

Thermal Energy

A

average translational kinetic energy of a molecule (KE); = 1/2mv^2 = 3/2kT

19
Q

PV Diagram

A

graph of pressure versus volume

20
Q

Critical Point

A

critical temp above which a liquid cannot exist

21
Q

Critical Pressure

A

minimum pressure needed for liquid to exist at the critical temp

22
Q

Phase Diagrams

A

PT graphs; there are well-defined regions on these graphs that correspond to various phases of matter

23
Q

Sublimation

A

the phase change from solid to gas

24
Q

Triple Point

A

all 3 curves on the phase diagram meet at this single point, where all 3 phases exist in equilibrium

25
Q

Vapor Pressure

A

Pressure at which a gas coexists with its solid or liquid phase; created by faster molecules that break away from the liquid or solid and enter the gas phase; depends on both the substance and its temperature; increase in temp increases it

26
Q

Partial Pressure

A

the pressure a gas would create if it occupied the total volume available

27
Q

Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressure

A

in a mixture of gases, the total pressure is the sum of partial pressures of the component gases

28
Q

Relative Humidity

A

tells us how much water vapor is in the air compared with the maximum possible

29
Q

Saturation

A

maximum humidity (100%); evaporation is inhibited

30
Q

Dew Point

A

relative humidity is 100%; fog may result from the condensation of water droplets if they are small enough to stay in suspension

31
Q

Percent Relative Humidity

A

ratio of vapor density to saturation vapor density; = vapor density/saturation vapor density x 100%

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