Physical Diagnosis 4 Flashcards Preview

*Part IV Boards > Physical Diagnosis 4 > Flashcards

Flashcards in Physical Diagnosis 4 Deck (49)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

triglycerides

A

esters of glycerol and fatty acids, synthesized by the liver and stored in fat tissues

2
Q

triglycerides increased in..

decreased in..

A

increased: diabetes mellitus, atherosclerotic tendencies
decreased: cirrhosis

3
Q

LE cell

A

microscopic identification of a neutrophil that has ingested a modified nucleus from another neutrophil. this occurrence requires the presence of the LE factor probably an antibody in the patient. 50-70% of the active cases of SLE can be detected with this test. false positive may result if the patient has a collagen disease

4
Q

prothrombin time

A

protein produced by liver and utilized for blood clotting. adequate vitamin K is essential during the clotting process to convert prothrombin to thrombin
indirectly measures the ability of the blood to clot and directly measures a defect in stage 2 clotting mechanism
this is useful in the management of anticoagulant therapy

5
Q

prothrombin time is increased in..

decreased

A

increased in vitamin K deficiency, hepatocellumar disease

decreased- clotting too fast

6
Q

RA latex +

A

in the blood of every person, but increased in those with rheumatoid arthritis

7
Q

RA latex + is increased in..

A

RA, SLE

8
Q

Reed Sternberg cell

A

characteristic picture of Hodgkin’s disease shows these cells.
they are large multinucleated lymphocytes

9
Q

AST/SGOT

A

an enzyme associated with necrosis of the HEART, liver, skeletal muscle, kidneys and other tissues
following an infarct the enzyme is released into the blood

10
Q

AST/SGOT increased in..

A

MI, destructive liver conditions, muscular dystrophies

11
Q

ALT/SGPT

A

present in LIVER and muscle tissue. primarily used to indicate liver disease

12
Q

ALT/SPGT is increased in..

A

MI, hepatitis

13
Q

T3

A

thyroid hormone that is present in the blood all the time. it is more active in influencing metabolic rate than T4

14
Q

T3 is increased in..

decreased in

A

increased in: hyperthyroidism

decreased in: hypothyroidism

15
Q

T4

A

principle thyroid hormone stored in the thyroid. almost all the thyroid hormones in the blood are bound to proteins

16
Q

T4 is increased in..

decreased in..

A

increased in: hyperthyroidism

decreased in: hypothyroidism

17
Q

TSH

A

hormone from anterior pituitary that is an activator or deactivator of thyroid activity

18
Q

TSH is increased in..

decreased in..

A

increased in: hypothyroidism

decreased in: hyperthyroidism

19
Q

uric acid

A

end product of purine metabolism, uric acid is a metabolite of nucleic acid degeneration. it is used primarily as an aid in the diagnosis of gout. diet has an effect on uric acid only on a long-term basis. the amount of increase is not directly related to the severity of gout

20
Q

western blot

A

test for AIDS (can also use IFA)

21
Q

ELISA

A

screening test used on those who are taking or giving blood to rule out the possibility of AIDS. two positive ELISA tests are necessary before ordering a western blot test. Diagnosis of AIDS is based on symptoms, decreased T helper cells and the presence of uncommon opportunistic infections and tumors as well as positive blood tests

22
Q

Comprehensive metabolic profile

A

evaluates cardiac, bone and liver function
Na, K, Cl, Co2, BUN, albumin, alkaline phosphatase, ALT/SPGT, glucose, total protein, total bilirubin, SGOT/AST, creatinine

23
Q

complete blood count

A

RBC count, WBC count, platelet count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, differential, MCV, MCH, MCHC

24
Q

RBCs

A

carry oxygen from lungs to body and transfer CO2 from the tissues to the lungs. accomplished by hemoglobin in the RBCs
decreased in anemias

25
Q

macrocytic anemia

A

RBC, hematocrit, and hemoglobin decreased

MCV increased

26
Q

normocytic anemia

A

RBC quantity decreased

27
Q

microcytic anemia

A

RBC, hematocrit, hemoglobin, MCV decreased

28
Q

WBCs

A

associated with phagocytosis and antibody activity

increased in infection and malignancy

29
Q

aspiration

A

gout, bacterial arthritis, osteomyelitis, CPPD

30
Q

audiometer

A

hearing loss

31
Q

biopsy

A

tumor (hodgkin’s), temporal arteritis (giant cell arteritis)

32
Q

bone scan

A

intrinsic bone changes, hidden fratures

33
Q

bronchoscopy

A

bronchogenic carcinoma

34
Q

colonoscopy

A

lower GI disease

35
Q

CT scan

A

trauma, infection, vascular, neoplastic, arthritis/metabolic disorder, lung, spinal canal stenosis

36
Q

DEXA scan

A

osteoporosis

37
Q

doppler

A

arterial alterans (blood flow)

38
Q

EMG

A

LMNL, muscle atrophy

39
Q

NCV

A

LMNL, peripheral nerves

40
Q

endoscopy

A

GI tract

41
Q

mantoux test

A

TINE test also for TB

42
Q

MRI

A

spinal tumor, brain, MS, musculoskeletal injuries

43
Q

myelography

A

lateral recess canal protrusion

44
Q

PET

A

bone and soft tissue, tumor, heart, brain

45
Q

SSEP

A

MS, myoclonus

46
Q

spirometer

A

COPD

47
Q

sputum culture

A

strep, TB, pneumonia

48
Q

ultrasound (diagnostic)

A

aneurysm, organs, gallstones, pregnancy

49
Q

D-dimer

A

pulmonary embolism