Phys: Respiratory Phys

Question 1

fxn of lungs?

Answer 1

gaseous exchange

pH balance

Question 2

what is gaseous exchange dependent on?

Answer 2

ventilation- amount of gas delivered by the lungs
perfusion- amount of blood delivered by the heart to the lungs
diffusion- amount of gas that passes thru the air-blood barrier

Question 3

perfusion is greatest?

Answer 3

base- wasted perfusion

Question 4

ventilation is highest?

Answer 4

apex- wasted ventilation

Question 5

air- blood barrier is made up of?

Answer 5

capillary endothelium, basement membrane, type I pneumocyte

Question 6

what are type II pneumocyte fxn?

Answer 6

make the surfactant, which reduces the surface tension in the alveoli

Question 7

what is ficks law?

Answer 7

rate of diffusion through a membrane is inversely proportional to the thickness of the membrane

Question 8

ventilation/perfusion rate is?pulmonary BF rate is?

Answer 8

4 L/min; 5 L/min- 4L/5L=0.8
highest is Apex -3
lowest in Base - 0.6

Question 9

what is meant by “a shift to the right” regarding oxygen

Answer 9

decrease Hb affinity for O2, therefore O2 is released

Question 10

what are the 4 factors for a shift to the right

Answer 10

acidosis
CO2 increase
temp inc
2,3 DPG

Question 11

97% of the oxygen in blood is carried by?

Answer 11

hemoglobin

Question 12

CO2 is transported by?

Answer 12

70% bicarbonate
23% attached to hhemoglobin as cardaminohemoglobin
7% dissolved in plasma

Question 13

what does lipoprotein do?

Answer 13

keeps lung exoanded by dec surface tension

Question 14

what is partial pressure?

Answer 14

O2 conc. in the alveoli
controlled by:
rate of absorption of O2 in blood
rate of entry of new O2 into lungs bu breathing

Question 15

on inspiration the diaphragm does what?

Answer 15

contracts

when pressure dec. - air moves into lungs

Question 16

TV is?

Answer 16

tidal volume
500 mL
volume of a normal breath

Question 17

IRV is?

Answer 17

inspiratory reserve volume
3100 mL
volume inspired above TV

Question 18

ERV is?

Answer 18

expiratory reserve volume
1200 mL
volume expired after normal breath

Question 19

RV is?

Answer 19

residual volume
1200 mL
what resides in the lungs

Question 20

IC is?

Answer 20

inspiratory capacity
3600 mL
IRV+TV=IC

Question 21

FRC is?

Answer 21

functional resdiual capacity
2400 mL
air left in lungs after normal expiration
ERV+TV=FRC

Question 22

VC is?

Answer 22

Vital capacity
4800 mL
volume expired after maximal inspiration
ERV+IRV+TV=VC

Question 23

TLC is?

Answer 23

total lung capacity
5-6 L
IRV+ERV+TV+RV=TLC

Question 24

pneumotaxic center does?

Answer 24

turns off inspiratory center before overexpansion of lungs occur

Question 25

herring -breuer reflex is?

Answer 25

stretch receptors- bronchi PREVENT over stretching of lungs

Question 26

apneustic center does?

Answer 26

prevents turn off of inspiratory center

Question 27

Bohr effect is?

Answer 27

CO2 enters blood stream, causing O2 disassociation from hemoglobin

Question 28

haldene effect does?

Answer 28

CO2 combines with hemoglobin to form more bicarbonate ions

Question 29

what is the major determinant of breathing?

Answer 29

conc. of CO2 in the blood

Question 30

arterial Pco2=?

Answer 30

40 mmHg

Question 31

Cheyne-stokes breathing is?

Answer 31

periods of rapid breathing w/ increasing then decreasing TV followed by apnea (seen in CHF)

Question 32

Kussmaul breathing is?

Answer 32

deep rapid regular breathing

diabetic ketoacidosis

Question 33

Biot’s respiration is?

Answer 33

bouts of irregularly irregular breathing and apnea

brain stem compression