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WJEC A Level Biology > Photosynthesis > Flashcards

Photosynthesis Flashcards

1
Q

What two reactions are forms of photosynthesis

A

Light dependent

Light independent

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2
Q

Name two types of photosynthetic pigments

A

Chlorophylls

Carotenoids

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3
Q

Why is it beneficial to a plant to have more types of photosynthetic pigments

A

Different pigments absorb different wavelengths of light and so the more different types of pigments the greater range of the wavelengths they are able to absorb.

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4
Q

What is chlorophyll A known as

A

The primary pigment

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5
Q

What are all types of pigments other than chlorophyll A known as

A

Accessory pigments

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6
Q

What is a photosystem

A

a collection of accessory pigments which pick up light at various wavelengths and funnel this energy to the reaction centre, a chlorophyll A molecule

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7
Q

Which mineral ion is a key component of chlorophyll

A

Magnesium

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8
Q

What is photolysis

A

The splitting of water molecules into 2H+ and 1/2O2

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9
Q

What is photophosphorylation

A

Adding phosphate using light

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10
Q

What is the role of NADP in photosynthesis

A

Acts as a hydrogen carrier and is reduced to become red.NADP

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11
Q

Where do the electrons come from which replace those lost from photosystem 2 during non-cyclic phosphorylation

A

The photolysis of water

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12
Q

Where do the electrons come from which replace those lost in photosystem during non-cyclic phosphorylation

A

From photosystem 2

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13
Q

Where do the electrons and hydrogens come from which enable NADP to be reduced

A

The electrons come from photosystem 1 and the hydrogens come from the photolysis of water

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14
Q

What is done with the oxygen produced from non-cyclic phosphorylation

A

It is released as a waste product

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15
Q

What is cyclic phosphorylation

A

This only involves photosystem 1. The electrons released return back to the photosystem they were promoted from

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16
Q

What drives the light independent reaction

A

Enzyme called RuBISCO

17
Q

How is CO2 used in the light independent reaction

A

It is fixed to RuBP

18
Q

List the molecules formed in the Calvin Cycle

A 
RuBP
Unstable Intermediate
Glycerate 3-phosphate
Triose Phosphate
RuBP
etc...
19
Q

Where is ATP used in the Calvin Cycle

A

Between Glycerate 3-phosphate and Triose phosphate, and between Triose Phosphate and RuBP

20
Q

Where is glucose produced in the Calvin Cycle

A

The synthesis of Triose Phosphate

21
Q

What happens to the ADP + Pi and NADP after the Calvin Cycle

A

It returns to the light dependent reaction to be used there

22
Q

What is an absorption spectrum

A

how much light a particular pigment absorbs at each wavelength

23
Q

What is an action spectrum

A

The rate of photosynthesis at different wavelengths of light

24
Q

How did Englemann’s Experiment work

A

He used respiring bacteria that had the ability to move and noted that they moved to areas of oxygen density to identify that photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplasts

25
Q

Name factors that limit photosynthesis

A 
Light intensity
Carbon Dioxide
Water
Minerals
Temperature
Chlorophyll
26
Q

What is the light compensation point

A

The light intensity at which a plant has no net gas exchange as the volume gases used and produced

27
Q

What is the light saturation point

A

Any increase in the light intensity striking the leaf does not cause an increase in the rate of photosynthesis

28
Q

What is the light saturation point indicated by

A

The level of O2 being evolved levels off

29
Q

Name some adaptations that sun plants have

A 
Smaller surface area
Leaf blade is thicker
Palisade layer is thicker
Fewer Chloroplasts
Less accessory pigments
30
Q

Name some adaptations that shade plants have

A 
Bigger surface area
Thinner leaf blade
Thinner Palisade layer
More chloroplasts
More accessory pigments
31
Q

How is nitrogen deficiency shown in plants

A

Plants with low levels of nitrates have older leaves that turn yellow and die. Their growth is also stunted.

32
Q

How is magnesium deficiency shown in plants

A

A lack of magnesium causes both old and new leaves to turn to yellow and growth to slow down

WJEC A Level Biology (16 decks)

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