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Flashcards in Pharmocology Deck (15)
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0
Q

Give 2 examples of drugs that work by G protein coupled receptors.

A

Catecholamines, opioids, alpha 2 agonists

1
Q

What is tachyphylaxis?

A

Loss of efficacy with frequently repeated doses.

2
Q

Give 2 examples of drugs that work by protein kinase receptors.

A

Insulin and growth hormone

3
Q

Give an example of a drug that binds to nuclear receptor. What group of hormones do this naturally?

A

Glucocorticoid, mineralocorticoid

phenobarbital

4
Q

What action does an agonist induce?

A

Binds to receptor and exerts full biological response

5
Q

What effect does an inverse agonist have?

A

Binds to receptor and brings about effects opposite to that of the agonist.

6
Q

What effect does a partial agonist have?

A

Binds to the receptor and partially activates it (to a low level), but also blocks endogenous agonists.

7
Q

What effect does an antagonist have?

A

Binds to receptor, generates no biological response from cell.

8
Q

How does hypoalbuminaemia affect drug doses?

A

Some Drug molecules bind to albumin in blood, some are free molecules. If there is a lower than normal concentration of albumin in the blood there will be more free drug molecules. More potent.

9
Q

Why do Glucuronides last longer in circulation than other drugs?

A

They are concentrated and excreted in bile. Taken to he intestines where they are hydrolysed and reabsorbed, enter blood stream again.

10
Q

What is first pass metabolism?

A

Some drugs are metabolised in the gut wall or liver first, after oral administration. Makes them less bioavailable.

11
Q

What group of drugs does phenobarbitone fall into? What do you have to monitor when an animal is on barbiturates long term?

A

Barbiturates, liver function, causes raised liver enzymes.

12
Q

What drug group does diazepam fall into?

A

Benzodiazepine

13
Q

Which equine drug must only be given I/V? Why?

A

Thiopentone, irritant perivascularly

14
Q

Which Equine drug must NEVER be given I/v?

A

Procaine penicillin