Pharmacology Test 1 Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Pharmacology Test 1 Deck (18)
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1
Q

Benzodiazapines

A
  • 1st choice for anxiety and insomnia
  • also used for seizures, muscle spasms, alcohol w/d, perioperative.
  • schedule IV controlled substance (ativan, ambien)
  • CNS depressant
2
Q

Benzo adverse effects

A
  • CNS depression
  • Anterograde amnesia (Versed)
  • sleep-related behaviors
  • paradoxical effects (increased anxiety)
  • respiratory depression
  • abuse
  • risk for fetal harm (cat D)
  • Drug interactions
3
Q

Benzo antidote

A

Flumazenil (romazicon)

  • used to reverse benzo overdose
  • administered IV
  • duration: 1 hr, may need to repeated
4
Q

Benzo-like drugs

A
  • used for insomnia (Ambien, Sonata, Lunesta)
  • same MOA as benzo
  • schedule IV substance
5
Q

Local Anesthesia

A

topical or injection

6
Q

General anesthesia

A

inhaled and injection

7
Q

Local anesthesia

A
  • some numbness
  • cheaper
  • smaller amount
  • stop conduction of pain by blocking Na channels along axonal membrane in a limited area
  • blocks sensory and motor transmission
8
Q

2 groups of local anesthesia

A
  • esters

- amides

9
Q

Esters

A

procain and novacaine

10
Q

Amides

A

lidocaine and xylocaine

11
Q

General

A
  • paralyzes whole body
  • more expensive
  • longer lasting
  • more risk involved
  • used with opioids and analgesics for pain
12
Q

Patient teaching

A
  1. What are you giving the pt
  2. why are they getting it
  3. What to expect
  4. What could happen
  5. What you’re going to do about it
13
Q

Evaluation of the pt.

A
  1. Is the drug doing its job?

2. Is the pt tolerating the drug well?

14
Q

IV anesthetic

A
  • may reduce need for inhaled anesthetic

- produce effects that inhaled alone cannot produce

15
Q

Short acting barbituates

A
  • Penthol, Brevital: anesthesia induction

* to calm the pt pre-operatively

16
Q

Benzodiazapines

A
  • diazepam(Valium), midazolam (Versed): anesthesia induction and conscious sedation
17
Q

Propofol(diprivan)

A
  • most widely used IV anesthetic (no analgesic action)
  • used in surgery, mechanical ventilation, radiation therapy, diagnostic procedures
  • given through continuous IV
  • looks like milk ( because of lipids)
  • surgery staff and anesthesiologists most likely to abuse this
  • risk for infection because of possible bacteria growth in the lipids
  • tubing changed every 6 hrs instead of 48-72
18
Q

Chemo agents

A
  • cytotoxic agents
  • hormone and hormone antagonists
  • biologic response modifiers (immune system)
  • targeted drugs
  • goal of tx: produce 100% kill of the neoplastic cells while causing limited injury to the normal tissue