pharmacology quiz Flashcards

1
Q

additive summation- relationship

A

1+1=2

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2
Q

additive summation- description

A

2 meds w similar therapeutic effects are taken together, resulting in the sum of the drugs effects

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3
Q

additive summation- positive results

A

codeine and acetaminophen, both analgesics, work differently to reduce pain- when combined, the additive effect is better control of pain

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4
Q

additive summation- negative results

A

Alcohol & salicylates can both cause GI
bleeding – when a salicylate & alcohol
are consumed together, the risk for GI
bleeding is greatly increased because
each agent independently can cause GI
bleeding
 Taking 2 vasodilators together (such as
hydralazine for hypertension and NTG
for angina) can result in severe hypotension

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5
Q

synergism- relationship

A

1+1=3

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6
Q

synergism- description

A
harmonious action of 2 agents
with different mechanisms of
action
 total effects are greater than the
sum of independent effects
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7
Q

synergism-positive results

A
2 different antibiotics
combined (such as a
penicillin and an
aminoglycoside) can treat
severe infections better than
either alone
 vasodilator combined with
diuretic can decreased blood
pressure better than with
either drug alone
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8
Q

synergism- negative results

A
alcohol & sedative-hypnotics taken
together can cause worsened respiratory
depression
 alcohol and narcotic analgesics (such as
morphine) together can cause severe
CNS depression that may be fatal
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9
Q

potentiation- relationship

A

1/2+1=2

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10
Q

potentiation- description

A
a med (#1) is given with another
med (#2) to increase serum med
levels of med #1; meds have
different mechanisms of action
 effects of one med are modified
by prior or concurrent
administration of another
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11
Q

potentiation- positive results

A
Probenecid given with
penicillin to increase the
effects of penicillin
(Probenecid inhibits renal
tubule reabsorption of PCN)
 Hydroxyzine (antiemetic
with mild analgesic effects)
given with morphine
(narcotic analgesic) to
increase pain-relieving
ability of morphine without
increasing dose of morphine
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12
Q

potentiation- negative results

A

Quinidine (antiarrhythmic) may increase
digoxin levels by 50%, increasing the
risk for digoxin toxicity

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13
Q

antagonism- relationship

A

1+1=0

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14
Q

antagonism description

A

one med counteracts/diminishes
action of another med, often by
blocking/occupying /competing
for receptor sites

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15
Q

antagonism- positive results

A

Narcan (a narcotic
antagonist) can reverse toxic
effects of narcotics

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16
Q

antagonism- negative results

A

 BP-increasing allergy medicine can
negate the effects of an antihypertensive
drug
 Antibiotic tetracycline is not absorbed
well from the GI tract if calcium or an
antacid is present in the stomach

17
Q

PHARMACOKINETICS- definition

A

Movement of meds in the
body
“What the body does to the
drug”

18
Q

PHARMACOKINETICS- processes and components

A
 Absorption
 Bioavailability
 Distribution
 Metabolism
 Excretion
 Half-life
 Steady state
 Serum concentration
 Clearance
19
Q

PHARMACOKINETICS- implications and significance

A
Med timing/frequency
 Route selection
 Risk for med action
 alteration
 Patient response
20
Q

PHARMACODYNAMICS- definition

A
Drug actions on target cells
& resulting alterations in
functions
“What the drug does to
the body”
21
Q

PHARMACODYNAMICS- processes and components

A
Drug action
 Potency
 Efficacy
 Effective, maintenance &
loading doses
 Therapeutic index
 MEC
 Expected therapeutic
 effect (classification)
 Nontherapeutic
 effects
22
Q

PHARMACODYNAMICS- implications and significance

A
Med dosage
 Med interactions
 Effects:
 Side / adverse / toxic
 Reactions:
 Allergic
 Idiosyncratic
23
Q

PHARMACOTHERAPEUTICS- definition

A

Use of medicine in the treatment of
disease
“What the drug does to the disease
or illness”

24
Q

PHARMACOTHERAPEUTICS- processes and components

A
Preventative
 Diagnostic
 Curative
 Empiric
 Replacement
 Symptomatic
 Palliative
 Supportive
 Maintenance
25
Q

PHARMACOTHERAPEUTICS- implications and significance

A

Assessment of med need and

effects