Pharmacology of the Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

The thoracic and lumbar regions are..

A

Sympathetic

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2
Q

Describe the location of the greater splanchnic nerve, celiac ganglion, lesser splanic nerve, and superior mesenteric ganglia

A
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3
Q

Compare the innervations of the somatic and autonomic nervous systems

A
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4
Q

What happens when you over-activate the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

Miosis

Salivation

Lacrimation

Perspiration

Diarrhoea

Bradycardia

Confusion

Coma

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5
Q

What do the actions of the parasympathetic include?

A
  • A decrease in the rate and force of heart beat
  • Increased activity of the digestive system
  • Emptying of the urinary bladder
  • Erection of the genital (erectile) tissue
  • Secretion of the salivary and lacrimal glands
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6
Q

Where are the cell bodies of the preganglionic neurons located?

A
  • In the brainstem
  • And in S2-S4
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7
Q

Describe the effect of over activation of nicotinic receptors

A

Miosis

Salivation

Lacrimation

Vomiting

Perspiration

Vomiting

Diarrhoea

Tachycardia

Hypertension

Tachypnea

Agitation

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8
Q

Describe nicotinic receptors

A

They are ligand gated ion channels

Work through depolarisation

Located: Nerve to nerve-ganglia &

Nerve to muscle

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9
Q

Describe muscarinic receptors

A

They are 7TM G protein coupled receptors

Work via ATP

Indirect

Depolarise, secretion contraction

not on motor end plate

Definition of muscarinic. : of, relating to, resembling, producing, or mediating the parasympathetic effects (such as a slowed heart rate and increased activity of smooth muscle) produced by muscarine. muscarinic receptors.

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10
Q

How does botox work?

A

It prevents the release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholinefrom axon endings at the neuromuscular junction and thus causes flaccid paralysis

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11
Q

How do cholinesterase inhibitors (Edrophonium, Neostigme, Pyridostigmine) work?

A

They prevent the breakdown for cholinesterase.

They block the breakdown of acetylcholine.

So give them atropine (muscarinic receptor antagonist)

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12
Q

How does Atropine work?

A

Muscarinic receptor antagonist

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13
Q

What are some muscarinic receptor drugs?

A

Atropine, Scopolamine (Hyoscine)

  • Secretions, bradycardia (A only), gut hypermotility
  • Hyoscine for motion sickness

Tropicamide - opthalmology

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14
Q

What are some muscarinic receptor agonists?

A

Pilocarpine - glaucoma

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15
Q

What are the effects of noradrenergic neurons?

A
  • Tachycardia
  • Hypertension
  • Pallor
  • Mydriasis
  • Bronchodilation
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16
Q

How does adrenal medulla contribute to adrenaline?

A

Has an enzyme that converts noradrenaline to adrenaline

17
Q

What is the one use of adrenaline?

A

If we are HUNGRY

Adrenalaline released by adnreal medulla triggering gluconeogenesis

18
Q

What drugs affect presynaptic noradrenergic systems?

A
19
Q

What are synaptic MAO inhibitors?

A
20
Q

What drugs target B2 adrenoreceptors?

A

Isoprenaline is a purely beta receptor agonist.

But Salbutamol is a bata-2 receptor agonist. (blocks ability of enzyme to break down the catecholamine)

21
Q

What is alpha and beta selectivity?

A
  1. Alpha- usually ANS
  2. Beta - husually humeral