Pharmacology - Chapter 40 - Antivirals Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Pharmacology - Chapter 40 - Antivirals Deck (22)
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0
Q

The antibiotic is the drug of choice for the treatment of both initial and recurrent episodes of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2

A

Zovirax (acyclovir)

1
Q

What is the current treatment for AIDS?

A

Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)

This protocol usually includes three medications

2
Q

What antibiotic is used to treat herpes virus 4, also known as Epstein-Barr virus?

A

Symmetrel (amantadine)

3
Q

What are the nursing interventions for antivirals?

A

Oral antivirus must be taken with meals to avoid G.I. upset, doses must not be missed, capsules kept at room temperature, I do not crush or break

4
Q

Which viruses are controlled by antiviral drugs?

A
Cytomegalovirus,
Hepatitis,
Herpes,
HIV,
Influenza,
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
5
Q

This category of antiviral antibiotics is used to treat HIV

A

Antiretroviral

6
Q

What are the side effects of Symmetrel (amantadine)

A
Insomnia, 
nervousness, 
lightheadedness, 
anorexia, 
nausea
7
Q

What is herpes simplex 1 (HSV1)?

A

Oral blisters – fever blisters or cold sores

8
Q

What is herpes simplex 2 (HSV2)?

A

Genital herpes

9
Q

What is human herpesvirus 3 (HHV3)?

A

Chickenpox or shingles

10
Q

What is human herpesvirus 4 (HHV4)?

A

Epstein-Barr virus

11
Q

What is human herpesvirus 5 (HHV5)?

A

Cytomegalovirus (Serious viral infection of the eye)

12
Q

What is human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8)?

A

Kaposi’s sarcoma herpesvirus-cancer inducing virus

13
Q

What is the mechanism of action for non-HIV antivirals?

A

They block the activity of polymerase enzyme that normally stimulates the synthesis of new viral genome’s. This results in impaired viral replication

14
Q

Which antiviral drugs are active against influenza type A and B?

A

Tamiflu (oseltamivir) and Relenza (zanamivir)

15
Q

What are the four stages of HIV infection?

A

Stage 1: asymptomatic infection
Stage 2: early, general symptoms of disease
Stage 3: moderate symptoms
Stage 4: severe symptoms, often leading to death

16
Q

What are the types of antiretrovirals drugs?

A

Reverse transcriptase inhibitor’s (RTIs),
Protease inhibitors (PIs),
Fusion inhibitors,
Entry inhibitor – CCR five coreceptor antagonists,
HIV integrase strand transfer inhibitors

17
Q

What was the first anti-HIV medication?

A

Retrovir (zidovudine)

18
Q

Which antibiotics are protease inhibitors?

A

Agenerase (amprenavir),
Crixivan (indinavir),
Viracept (nelfinavir),
Norvir (ritonavir)

19
Q

Which antibiotics are fusion inhibitors?

A

Fuzeon (enfuvirtide)

20
Q

Which anti-retroviral drugs are CCR 5 antagonists?

A

Selzentry (maraviroc)

21
Q

Which antiretrovirals drugs are HIV integrase strand transfer inhibitors?

A

Isentress (raltegravir)